Chapter 14 Flashcards
Which of the following statements about Karl Marx is FALSE?
He viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests.
According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?
wealth, power, and prestige
What term refers to wealth or resources invested in business with the intent of producing a profit?
capital
Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written. Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good. Large-C Communism
was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991.
Which of the following is an outcome of deindustrialization in the United States?
fewer jobs in the U.S., as they are replaced by machines and foreign competitors
Which term refers to a world in which nations are economically and politically interdependent?
modern world system
According to Wallerstein (2004), what are the three structural positions of the modern world system?
core, periphery, and semiperiphery
According to world-system theory, countries within the world system occupy ________ position(s) of economic and political power.
three
The demand for ________ in a growing international market spurred the development of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and New World economies based on slave labor.
sugar
The major form of socioeconomic transformation through industrialization took place after
1750.
European industrialization developed from, and eventually replaced, the ________ of manufacture.
domestic system
The socioeconomic effects of industrialization were mixed. Standards of comfort rose, but ________ was uneven.
prosperity
Which term refers to a policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territories and peoples?
imperialism
Which term refers to governing through native leaders and established political structures?
indirect rule
Which term refers to ideological justification for outsiders to guide or rule native peoples?
intervention philosophy
A government that promotes obedience to authority rather than individual freedom is referred to as ________.
an authoritarian government
Which term refers to a government that bans rival parties and demands total submission of the individual to the state?
totalitarian
In the context of the world-system theory, Fernand Braudel was a French social historian who argued that
societies are systems consisting of interrelated parts.
According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.
false
When deciding where to locate polluting facilities, industries typically target minority and low-income neighborhoods.
true
The United States originally started out as a peripheral nation, but by 1900 it had asserted itself as a member of the industrialized core.
true
The British notion of the “white man’s burden” was similar to the French concept mission civilisatrice, in that both were racist ideologies used to justify the colonial efforts of their respective countries.
true
Neoliberalism refers to a revival of Adam Smith’s classic economic liberalism, which suggests that governments should not regulate private enterprise and that free market forces should rule.
True
Max Weber faulted Karl Marx for an overly simplistic and exclusively economic view of stratification.
True
According to Karl Marx, classes are
powerful collective forces that could mobilize human energies to influence the course of history.
