Chapter 14

Question 1

Which of the following statements about Karl Marx is FALSE?

Answer 1

He viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests.

Question 2

According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?

Answer 2

wealth, power, and prestige

Question 2

What term refers to wealth or resources invested in business with the intent of producing a profit?

Answer 2

capital

Question 2

Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written. Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good. Large-C Communism

Answer 2

was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991.

Question 3

Which of the following is an outcome of deindustrialization in the United States?

Answer 3

fewer jobs in the U.S., as they are replaced by machines and foreign competitors

Question 3

Which term refers to a world in which nations are economically and politically interdependent?

Answer 3

modern world system

Question 3

According to Wallerstein (2004), what are the three structural positions of the modern world system?

Answer 3

core, periphery, and semiperiphery

Question 4

According to world-system theory, countries within the world system occupy ________ position(s) of economic and political power.

Answer 4

three

Question 4

The demand for ________ in a growing international market spurred the development of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and New World economies based on slave labor.

Answer 4

sugar

Question 4

The major form of socioeconomic transformation through industrialization took place after

Answer 4

1750.

Question 5

European industrialization developed from, and eventually replaced, the ________ of manufacture.

Answer 5

domestic system

Question 6

The socioeconomic effects of industrialization were mixed. Standards of comfort rose, but ________ was uneven.

Answer 6

prosperity

Question 6

Which term refers to a policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territories and peoples?

Answer 6

imperialism

Question 6

Which term refers to governing through native leaders and established political structures?

Answer 6

indirect rule

Question 6

Which term refers to ideological justification for outsiders to guide or rule native peoples?

Answer 6

intervention philosophy

Question 6

A government that promotes obedience to authority rather than individual freedom is referred to as ________.

Answer 6

an authoritarian government

Question 6

Which term refers to a government that bans rival parties and demands total submission of the individual to the state?

Answer 6

totalitarian

Question 6

In the context of the world-system theory, Fernand Braudel was a French social historian who argued that

Answer 6

societies are systems consisting of interrelated parts.

Question 7

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.

Answer 7

false

Question 7

When deciding where to locate polluting facilities, industries typically target minority and low-income neighborhoods.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

The United States originally started out as a peripheral nation, but by 1900 it had asserted itself as a member of the industrialized core.

Answer 8

true

Question 9

The British notion of the “white man’s burden” was similar to the French concept mission civilisatrice, in that both were racist ideologies used to justify the colonial efforts of their respective countries.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Neoliberalism refers to a revival of Adam Smith’s classic economic liberalism, which suggests that governments should not regulate private enterprise and that free market forces should rule.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Max Weber faulted Karl Marx for an overly simplistic and exclusively economic view of stratification.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

According to Karl Marx, classes are

Answer 12

powerful collective forces that could mobilize human energies to influence the course of history.