Chapter 10 Flashcards
Between 1960 and 2019, the percentage of children living with only their mother
nearly tripled.
A ________ is a type of expanded family household that includes siblings and their spouses and children.
collateral household
Which of the following statements is true of generational kinship terminology
It is found in societies with ambilineal descent, where descent-group membership is not automatic.
________ is a flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal
Ambilineal descent
Together, patrilocality and matrilocality are known as ________ rules of postmarital residence.
unilocal
Which of the following splits the mother’s side from the father’s side but also merges same-sex siblings?
bifurcate merging kinship terminology
A group based on belief in shared ancestry is called
a descent group
Ego’s direct ancestors and descendants are referred to as
lineal relatives.
Relatives by marriage are referred to as
affinals
The kinship pattern that does not distinguish between the mother’s and father’s sides and uses only two terms for relatives on the mother’s and father’s side is
generational kinship terminology.
Which term refers to the family in which a child is raised?
family of orientation
Traditionally, in some areas of the former Yugoslavia, people lived in an extended family household called a zadruga rather than in nuclear families. Among the Nayar in southern India, it was typical for people to live in matrilineal extended family compounds called tarawads. Descriptions of these two culturally specific cases highlight how
there are many alternatives to the nuclear family.
What is the most common system of kinship terminology used in the United States?
lineal kinship terminology
Contemporary North American adults usually define their families as consisting of their husbands or wives and their children. In contrast, when Brazilians talk about their families, they mean their parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and later their children. They rarely mention the spouse. Which of the following is among the reasons for this stark cultural contrast?
Middle-class North Americans normally lack a readily available extended family support system, so marriage assumes more importance.
A unilineal descent group whose members demonstrate their common descent from an apical ancestor is a(n)
lineage
Anthropologists are interested in kinship calculation, which is
the system that people in a particular society use to recognize and categorize kinship relationships.
What does ego represent in a depiction of a kinship system?
the point of reference used to determine which kin terms are applicable to certain individuals
Anthropologists distinguish between kin terms and genealogical kin types. What is the difference?
Kin terms are the specific words used for different relatives in a particular culture and language, whereas genealogical kin types refer to an actual genealogical relationship.
What makes up ego’s nuclear family of orientation?
parents and siblings
In most societies, relations with ________ take precedence over relations with other kin.
nuclear family members
Neolocality refers to a living situation in which a couple establishes new residence.
True
The case of the family group known as zadruga came from
Bosnia.
Six separate parental kin terms are used in lineal kinship terminology.
False
The higher proportion of expanded family households among poorer Americans has been explained as an adaptation to poverty.
True
Industrialization increases mobility, which plays a major role in the disappearance of extended families in the United States.
True
In unilineal descent, one’s ancestry is traced through only one line of descent.
True
American kinship calculation is bilateral, traced equally on both sides, through males and females, for example, father and mother.
True
A living situation in which a married couple establishes a new place of residence away from their parents is known as
neolocality.
