Chapter 4 Flashcards
The fallacy of ________ is planners’ tendency to view “the less-developed countries” as more alike than they are.
underdifferentiation
The field known as ________ focuses on the study of students in the context of their family, peers, and enculturation.
anthropology and education
The number of urban residents has ________ since the 1800s.
increased steadily
The examples of Coca-Cola Classic and New Coke were used by Kottak to emphasize
top-down change as opposed to locally based demand.
In the case of ________, new ones succeeded only when they harnessed preexisting local-level communal institutions.
cooperatives
________ is the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems.
Applied anthropology
Which of the following has accompanied urban living and could be classified as a growing social concern?
crime and pollution
Which of the following was observed in the Bahia, Brazil, development project in which fishing boat owners got loans to buy motors, as described in this chapter?
Ambitious young men increasingly sought wage labor instead of fishing.
Forensic anthropology is an example of applied anthropology in the subdiscipline of
biological anthropology.
What is the name for a condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual?
illness
Anthropology’s ________ provides knowledge and an outlook on the world that are useful in many kinds of work.
breadth
What is the name for beliefs, customs, and specialists concerned with preventing and curing illness?
health care systems
The highest global rates of HIV infection and AIDS-related deaths are in
Africa.
What is the name for an individual who diagnoses and treats illness (and is sometimes a shaman)?
curer
Another name for public anthropology that was discussed in the chapter was
public interest anthropology.
The Malagasy development program described in this chapter illustrates the importance of
the local government’s ability to improve the lives of its citizens, when committed to doing so.
Fueled the general expansion of the U.S. educational system, including academic anthropology.
The U.S. baby boom of the late 1940s and 1950s
What is the commonly stated goal for most development projects?
increased equity
Development projects should aim to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT
developing strategies with little input from the local communities.
One of the stated goals of public anthropology is to
oppose policies that promote injustice.
Identify an example of a personalistic disease theory.
an illness brought on by a sorcerer or a ghost
________ is the field that examines the sociocultural dimensions of economic development.
Development anthropology
The idea of ________ is a reduction in absolute poverty, with a more even distribution of wealth.
increased equity
Ethnographic study of a workplace
provides close observation of workers and managers in their natural setting.
During World War II, the U.S. government recruited anthropologists to study Japanese and German cultures. This chapter uses this example to illustrate the dangers of the old anthropology.
true
Academic and applied anthropology have a symbiotic relationship, as theory aids practice and application fuels theory.
true
When nations become more tied to the world economy, indigenous forms of social organization inevitably break down into nuclear family organization, impersonality, and alienation.
false
A commonly stated goal of development projects is to promote equity; that is, to reduce poverty and promote a more even distribution of wealth.
true
An illness is a scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, or other pathogen.
false
The fallacy of overinnovation is
trying to achieve too much change.
