Chapter 4

Question 1

The fallacy of ________ is planners’ tendency to view “the less-developed countries” as more alike than they are.

Answer 1

underdifferentiation

Question 2

The field known as ________ focuses on the study of students in the context of their family, peers, and enculturation.

Answer 2

anthropology and education

Question 2

The number of urban residents has ________ since the 1800s.

Answer 2

increased steadily

Question 2

The examples of Coca-Cola Classic and New Coke were used by Kottak to emphasize

Answer 2

top-down change as opposed to locally based demand.

Question 3

In the case of ________, new ones succeeded only when they harnessed preexisting local-level communal institutions.

Answer 3

cooperatives

Question 3

________ is the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems.

Answer 3

Applied anthropology

Question 3

Which of the following has accompanied urban living and could be classified as a growing social concern?

Answer 3

crime and pollution

Question 4

Which of the following was observed in the Bahia, Brazil, development project in which fishing boat owners got loans to buy motors, as described in this chapter?

Answer 4

Ambitious young men increasingly sought wage labor instead of fishing.

Question 4

Forensic anthropology is an example of applied anthropology in the subdiscipline of

Answer 4

biological anthropology.

Question 4

What is the name for a condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual?

Answer 4

illness

Question 4

Anthropology’s ________ provides knowledge and an outlook on the world that are useful in many kinds of work.

Answer 4

breadth

Question 4

What is the name for beliefs, customs, and specialists concerned with preventing and curing illness?

Answer 4

health care systems

Question 5

The highest global rates of HIV infection and AIDS-related deaths are in

Answer 5

Africa.

Question 5

What is the name for an individual who diagnoses and treats illness (and is sometimes a shaman)?

Answer 5

curer

Question 5

Another name for public anthropology that was discussed in the chapter was

Answer 5

public interest anthropology.

Question 6

The Malagasy development program described in this chapter illustrates the importance of

Answer 6

the local government’s ability to improve the lives of its citizens, when committed to doing so.

Question 6

Fueled the general expansion of the U.S. educational system, including academic anthropology.

Answer 6

The U.S. baby boom of the late 1940s and 1950s

Question 6

What is the commonly stated goal for most development projects?

Answer 6

increased equity

Question 7

Development projects should aim to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 7

developing strategies with little input from the local communities.

Question 8

One of the stated goals of public anthropology is to

Answer 8

oppose policies that promote injustice.

Question 9

Identify an example of a personalistic disease theory.

Answer 9

an illness brought on by a sorcerer or a ghost

Question 10

________ is the field that examines the sociocultural dimensions of economic development.

Answer 10

Development anthropology

Question 10

The idea of ________ is a reduction in absolute poverty, with a more even distribution of wealth.

Answer 10

increased equity

Question 10

Ethnographic study of a workplace

Answer 10

provides close observation of workers and managers in their natural setting.

Question 11

During World War II, the U.S. government recruited anthropologists to study Japanese and German cultures. This chapter uses this example to illustrate the dangers of the old anthropology.

Answer 11

true

Question 11

Academic and applied anthropology have a symbiotic relationship, as theory aids practice and application fuels theory.

Answer 11

true

Question 11

When nations become more tied to the world economy, indigenous forms of social organization inevitably break down into nuclear family organization, impersonality, and alienation.

Answer 11

false

Question 12

A commonly stated goal of development projects is to promote equity; that is, to reduce poverty and promote a more even distribution of wealth.

Answer 12

true

Question 12

An illness is a scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, or other pathogen.

Answer 12

false

Question 12

The fallacy of overinnovation is

Answer 12

trying to achieve too much change.