chapter 9 Flashcards
Aden /o
Gland
All /o
Other
Anis / o
Unequal
CALC /o
Lime, calcium
Coagul /o
Clots, to clot
Cyt/ o
Cell
Erythr/o
Red
Fibr/o
Fiber, fibrous tissue
Fibrin/o
Fiber
Fus/ O
To pour
Globul/o
Globe
Glyc/o
Sweet, sugar
Granul / o
Little grain, granular
Hem/o
Blood
Hemat/o
Blood
Immun /o
Immunity
Leuk/o
White
Lipid /o
Fat
Lymph /o
Lymph
Macr/o
Large
Phag /o
Eat, engulf
Plasm /o
Plasma
Recticul /o
Net
Septic / o
Putrefying
sider/o
Iron
splen/o
Spleen
Thromb /o
Clot
Thym/o
Thymus
Tonsill /o
Tonsil
Vas/o
Vessel
Vascul/o
Small vessel
agglutinat
clumping
creatin
creatine
Log
Study
nucle
Kernel, nucleus
plast
developing
poiet
Formation
thalass
Sea
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS
aids is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus HIV, which is transmitted through sexual contact exposure to infected blood or blood components, and perinatally from mother to newborn the HIV virus invades the T cells of the helper type lymphocytes, and as the disease progresses the bodies immune system becomes unable to function properly
Agglutination
Process of clumping together as a blood cells that are incompatible
Albumin
One of a group of simple proteins found in blood plasma and serum
Allergy
an individual hypersensitivity to a substance that is usually harmless. Allergic rhinitis is commonly known as hayfever. It is typically caused by the pollen of certain seasonal plants and occurs in people who are allergic to these substances. Symptoms include coughing, headache, sneezing and itchy, nose, mouth, and eyes, the same reaction with allergy to mold animal, dander, dust, and similar inhaled allergens.
Anaphylaxis
unusual or exaggerated allergic reactions to foreign proteins or other substances it can occur suddenly be life-threatening and affect the whole body during an anaphylactic, allergic reaction tissues in different parts of the body, released histamine and other substances, this causes constriction of the airways resulting in wheezing, difficulty breathing in gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea
Anemia
condition in which there is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells the amount of hemoglobin or the volume of packed red cells a normal red blood cell is bio concave with no nucleus and transports, oxygen and carbon dioxide
Anisocytosis
condition in which the erythrocytes are unequal in size and shape
Antibody
protein substance produced in the body in response to an invading foreign substance ( antigen)
Anticoagulant
Substance that works against the formation of blood clots a class of medication used in certain patients to prevent blood from clotting a chemical compound used in medical equipment, such as test tubes, blood transfusion bags and renal dialysis equipment
Antigen
invading foreign substance that induces the formation of antibodies
Autoimmune disease
condition in which the body’s immune system becomes defective and produces antibodies against itself, hemolytic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis and scleroderma are considered to be autoimmune diseases
Autotransfusion
process of infusing a patient’s own blood methods include harvesting the blood 1 to 3 weeks before elective surgery, salvaging intraoperative blood, and collecting blood from trauma or selected surgical patients for infusion within four hours
Coagulable
capable of forming a clot
Corpuscle
Blood cell
Creatinemia
Excess of creatine in the blood
Embolus
particle or mass that travels through the bloodstream it can lodge in a blood vessel, producing a blockage and causing organ. Damage can be solid liquid or gaseous
Erythroblast
Immature, red blood cell that is found only in bone marrow and still contains a nucleus
erythrocyte
Mature red blood cell, which does not contain a nucleus
Erythrocytosis
abnormal condition in which there is an increase in production of red blood cells
Erythropoiesis
formation of red blood cells
Erythropoietin
hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells
Extravasation
process by which fluids, and or intravenous medication, can escape from the blood vessel into surrounding tissue
Fibrin
insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin in the blood clotting process
Fibrin
insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin in the blood clotting process
Fibrinogen
blood protein converted to fibrin, by the action of thrombin in the blood clotting process
Globulin
plasma proteins found in body fluids and cells
Granulocyte
granular leukocyte a polyMorphonuclear white blood cell
Hematologist
One who specializes in the study of blood physician, who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disease
Hematology
The study of blood
Hematoma
Collection of blood that has escaped from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues, results from trauma or incomplete hemostasis after surgery
Hemochromatosis
genetic condition in which iron is not metabolize properly and accumulates in body tissues, the skin has a bronze hue. The liver becomes enlarged and diabetes and cardiac failure can occur.
Hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb, HGB)
A protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs in the body in carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs
Hemolysis
Destruction of red blood cells
Homophillia
hereditary blood condition, characterized by prolonged, coagulation and tendency to bleed
Hemorrhage
bursting forth of blood bleeding
Hemostasis
control or stop bleeding
Heparin
natural substance found in the liver, lungs, and other body tissues that inhibits blood clotting as a drug heparin, is used during certain types of surgery, and then the treatment of deep vein, thrombosis or pulmonary infarction it can be administered by either subcutaneous or intravenous injection
Hypercalcemia
Pathological condition of excessive amount of calcium in the blood
Hyperglycemia
pathological condition of excessive amounts of sugar in the blood
Hyperlipidemia
pathological condition of excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
Hypoglycemia
condition of deficient amounts of sugar in the blood, low blood sugar
Hypoxia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood, cells and tissues
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
blood protein capable of acting as an antibody the five major types are: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM
Kaposi sarcoma
malignant neoplasm that causes violaceous, vascular lesions and general lymphadenopathy. It is most common aids related tumor.
Leukapheresis
operation of white blood cells from the blood, which is then transfused back into the patient
Leukemia
Cancer of the white blood cells the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells in the cells, crowd out healthy blood cells, making it difficult for blood to do its work leukemia is classified by the type of white blood cells that is affected or how rapidly it progresses
Leukocytopenia
abnormal decrease of white blood cells literally means lack of white blood cells
Lymphadenitis
inflammation of the lymph glands
Lymphedema
normal accumulation of limp in the interstitial spaces
Lymphoma
lymphoid neoplasm usually malignant lymphoma or identified as Hodgkin’s disease or non-Hodgkin lymphoma’s radiation therapy is the primary treatment for early stage Hodgkin disease
Lymphostasis
Control or stopping flow of the lymph
Macrocytosis
condition in which erythrocytes are larger than normal
Mononucleosis
infectious disease often called mono or kissing disease that occurs most often and teens and young adult caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and spread through saliva
Opportunistic infection
an infection that occurs more frequently and is more severe in people with weekend immune system’s, such as people with HIV or people receiving chemotherapy, then people with healthy immune system’s people with aids are very vulnerable to these types of infections
Pancylopenia
literally means lack of the cellular elements of the blood
Phagocytosis
engulfing and eating of particulate substances, such as bacteria, protozoa cells and sell debris, dust particles, and colloids by phagocytes
Plasmapheresis
removal of blood from the body, and centrifuging it to separate the plasma from the blood and infusing the cellular elements back into the patient
pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia PJP
pneumonia resulting from an infection with pneumocytosis jroveci frequently seen in the immunologically compromised, such as persons with aids, steroid treated individuals, older adults, or premature debilitated babies during their first three months patients may only slightly febrile, or even afebrile but are likely to be extremely weak dyspneic and cyanotic
Polycythemia
increase number of red blood cells
Prothrombin
Chemical substance that interacts with calcium salts to produce thrombin
Reticulocyte
Red blood cell containing a network of granules, the last immature stage of red blood cells
Retrovirus
virus that contains a unique enzyme calls, reverse transcriptase that allows it to replicate with a new host cells. HIV is a retrovirus. Once it enters the sell it can replace and kill the cells, some lymphocytes directly and disrupt the functioning of the remaining CD4 cells.
Septicemia
Pathological condition in which bacteria are present in the blood also known as sepsis
Serum
blood serum is clear, thin and sticky fluid part of the blood that remains after blood clots any clear, watery fluid that has been separated from its more solid elements, such as the exudates from a blister
Sideropenia
Lack of iron in the blood
Splenomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen
Stem cell
A bone marrow cell that gives rise to different types of blood cells
Thalassemia
hereditary, anemia, occurring in populations, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and in south east Asia. It is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin this disorder results in large numbers of red blood cells being destroyed, which leads to anemia.
Thrombectomy
surgical excision of a blood clot
Thrombin
Blood enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin
Thromboplastin
essential factor in the production of thrombin in blood clotting
Thrombosis
formation, development or existence of a blood clot within the vascular system in venous thrombosis a thrombus forms on the wall of a vein, accompanied by inflammation and obstructed blood flow thrombi conform in either superficial or deep veins. Deep vein Thrombosis is generally a complication after hospitalization, surgery, or immobilization.
Thymoma
tumor of the thymus
Tonsillectomy
surgical excision of the tonsils
Transfusion
process by which blood is transferred from one individual to the vein of a recipient
Vasculitis
formation of the blood vessels that can affect arteries veins, and capillaries, also known as angiitis
