chapter 10 Flashcards
Alveol/o
Small, hallow air sac
Anthrac/o
Coal
Aspirat/o
To draw in
Atel/o
Imperfect
Bronch/o
Bronchus
Bronchi/o
Bronchus
Bronchiol/o
Bronchiole
Coni/o
Dust
Cyan/o
Dark blue
Cyst/o
Sac
Fibr/o
Fiber
Halat/o
Breathe
Hem/o
Blood
Laryng/o
Larynx, voice box
Lob/o
Lobe
Nas/o
Nose
Olfact/o
Smell
Orth/o
Straight
Ox/o
Oxygen
Palat/o
Palate
Pector/o
Chest
Pharyng/o
Pharynx, throat
Phon/o
Voice, sound
Pleur/o
Pleura
Pneum/o
Air
Pneumon/o
Lung
Pulmon/o
Lung
Py/o
Pus
Respirat/o
Breathing
Rhin/o
Nose
Rhonch/o
Snore
Sarc/o
Flesh
Spir/o
Breathe
Thorac/o
Chest
Tonsill/o
Tonsil
Trache/o
Trachea
Tubercul/o
A little swelling, nodule
Ventilat/o
To air
Vir/o
Virus (poison)
Sinus
Curve, hollow
Sphyxis, sphyx
Pulse
Alveolus
Pertaining to a small air sacs in the lungs
Anthracosis
lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica also called black lung
Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing. Sleep apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep to be so classified. The apnea must last for at least 10 seconds and occur 30 or more times during a seven hour period of sleep obstructive apnea is caused by an obstruction to the upper airway and central apnea, is marked by absence of respiratory muscle activity.
Asphyxia
emergency condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues symptoms include dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, impairment, senses, and then extreme cases, convulsions unconsciousness and death. Some more common causes include drowning, electrical shock, aspiration of vomitus lodging of a foreign body in the respiratory tract, inhalation of toxic gas, or smoke and poisoning, artificial ventilation and oxygen should be administered as quickly as possible
Aspiration
The act of drawing in or out by section using a device, such as a syringe, or needle the process of drawing foreign bodies, such as food liquid or other substances into the nose, throat, or lungs on inspiration
Asthma
disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing dyspnea, and a feeling of construction in the chest inflammation of the airways causes airflow into and out of the lungs to be restricted during an asthma attack the muscles of the bronchial tree constrict in the lining of the air passages well, reducing airflow and producing the characteristic wheezing sound
Atelectasis
A disorder characterized by the collapse of part of or the entire lung or failure of the long to expand completely. This may be caused by a blocked airway, a tumor, general anesthesia, pneumonia, or other lung infections, lung disease, or long term bedrest with shallow breathing, also called collapsed lung.
Bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of a lung
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the bronchioles
Bronchitis
Information of the bronchi
Bronchoscope
medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi. in a bronchoscopy procedure. The larynx trachea and bronchi are examined by a flexible bronchoscope.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
colorless, odorless, gas produced by the oxidation of carbon. It is a waste gas from metabolism that needs to be exhaled.
Cheyne - stokes respiration
rhythmic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration, followed by apnea, which may loss from tended 60 seconds, then a repeat of the same cycle
Cough
sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs and essential protective response that clears irritants, secretions, or foreign objects from the trachea bronchi, and or lungs
Croup
acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking, cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and or stridor ( high pitched noisy breathing)
Cyanosis
Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membranes caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood. The skin fingernails, and mucous membranes can appear slightly bluish or grayish.
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited disease that affects the entire body causing progressive disability and often early death. The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic scarring fibrosis, and this is formation within the pancreas cystic fibrosis may be diagnosed by many different categories of testing, including newborn screening sweat, testing or genetic testing the gene responsible for this condition has been identified in the persons carrying the gene can determine through genetic testing.
Dysphonia
condition of difficulty in speaking also called hoarseness
Dyspnea
literally means difficulty in breathing
Emphysema
chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveolar become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged or destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. It is included in a group of diseases, chronic bronchitis emphysema, called, chronic, obstructive, pulmonary disease, or COPD. The primary cause of emphysema is cigarette smoking.
Empyema
Puss in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity
Endotracheal (ET)
within the trachea, an endotracheal tube is used in general anesthesia, intensive care, an emergency medicine for airway management and mechanical ventilation, and as an alternative route for the administration of medicines, when an intravenous infusion line cannot be established
Epistaxis
nosebleed usually results from traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the mucus membranes of the nose
Eupnea
good or normal breathing
Exhalation
process of breathing out
Expectoration
process of coughing up and spitting out material (sputum) from the lungs, bronchi and trachea
Heimlich maneuver
A first aid technique used to force an upper airway obstruction out of the trachea also called abdominal thrusts
Hemoptysis
coughing up of blood or blood stain mucus from the respiratory tract literally a spitting up of blood
Hyperpnea
Abnormally deep and rapid breathing
Hyperventilation
process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limit
Hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
Influenza
acute contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus on that is usually sudden and symptoms are fever, chills, headache, myalgia, cough, and sore throat
Inhalation
process of breathing in
Laryngeal
Pertaining to the larynx (voice box)
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx (voice box)
Laryngoscope
Medical instrument used to visually examine the larynx the procedure using in a laryngoscope it’s called laryngoscopy
Legionnaires disease
Severe pulmonary pneumonia caused by bacterium called legionella pneumophila
lobectomy
surgical excision of a lobe of any organ, or gland, such as the long
Lung cancer
A cancer that begins in the lungs (bronchi bronchioles, and we’re alveoli) and most often occurs in people who smoke who are exposed to secondhand smoke or two particular toxins. It is the highest cancer killer in the United States of both women and men symptoms include persistent, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, weight loss, and blood streak sputum the deep rattling sound of smokers cough is caused by the adverse effects of chemicals, irritants and smoke leading to the destruction of cilia of the airways. The good news for people who stop smoking is that cilia can regrow.
Mesothelioma
malignant tumor of the mesothelium serous membrane of the pleura found most often in people who smoke or people with a history of exposure to asbestos
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the nose and pharynx (throat)
Olfaction
process of smelling
Orthopnea
inability to breathe, unless in an upright or straight position
Palatopharyngoplasty
type of surgery that relieve snoring and sleep apnea by removing that you’ve Leah and the tonsils and reshaping the lining at the back of the throat to enlarge the air passageway
Pertussis
acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis characterized by a peculiar paroxysmal cough ending in crowing or whooping sound also called whooping cough
Pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
Pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor the inflamed plural layers rub against each other every time the lungs expand to breathe in air which can cause sharp pain with breathing, also called pleuritic chest pain
Pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
Pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition of the lungs caused by the inhalation of dust particles such as coal dust (anthracosis) stone dust (chalicosis) iron dust (siderosis) asbestos (asbestosis) and quarts (silica) dust (silicosis)
Pneumonectomy
 surgical, excision of the left or right lung
pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants
Pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
Pneumothorax
A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest, walls and lung, causing the lung to collapse. It may occur spontaneously, or after physical trauma to the chest, or as a complication of medical treatment.
Pulmonologist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases
Pulmonology
The study of pulmonary diseases
Pyothorax
Pus in the chest cavity
Rale
Abnormal sound heard on oscillation of the chest, a crackling, rattling or bubbling sound
Respirator
medical device used to assist in breathing type of machine used for prolonged, artificial respiration
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
condition that can occur in a premature newborn in which the lungs are not mature to the point of manufacturing lecithin a pulmonary surfactant resulting in collapse of the alveoli, which leads to cyanosis and hypoxia, previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under two years of age illness, begins with fever, runny nose, cough, and sometimes wheezing. Most children recover from illness and 8-15 days it is contagious in spread through the respiratory secretions of infected persons or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects
Rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
Rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
Rhinovirus
One of a sub group of viruses that causes the common cold in humans
Rhonchus
Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction
Sarcoiditis
chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body usually the lungs causing dyspnea on exertion
Severe acute respirators syndrome (SARS)
contagious viral respiratory infection that was first described in 2003 serious form of pneumonia, resulting in acute respiratory distress, and sometimes death
Sinusitis
inflammation of a sinus
Spirometer
medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration in incentive spirometry a portable spirometer may be used by a patient for deep breathing exercises
Sputum
substance coughed up from the lungs, can be watery, thick pilot, clear or bloody and can contain microorganisms
Stridor
High pitch sound caused by partial obstruction of the air passageway
Tachyphea
rapid breathing
Thoracocentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid. Also called thoracentesis can be used in pleurisy to remove excess fluid that has accumulated in the chest cavity.
Thoracoplasty
surgical repair of the chest wall
Thoracotomy
incision into the chest wall
Tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
Tracheal
pertaining to the trachea (windpipe)
Tracheostomy
New opening into the trachea
Tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
Tuberculosis (TB)
infectious disease caused by the tubercle backless mycobacterium tuberculosis, which conform tubercles (soft nodules of necrosis) in the lungs and other infected parts of the body. TB can be diagnosed with a positive sputum culture, positive blood and or skin test and x-rays.
Ventilator
A machine that supports breathing ventilators are used to breed for individuals who are unable to breathe on their own also called respirator or breathing machine
Wheeze
high-pitched, whistling, sound caused by construction of the air passageway associated with an asthma, attack or airway obstruction
