chapter 11 Flashcards
Albumin/o
Protein
Bacteri/o
Bacteria
Calc/o
Calcium
Corpor /o
Body
cutane /o
Skin
Cyst/o
Bladder
Glomerul/0
Glomerulus, little ball
Glycos /o
Glucose, sugar
Keton/o
Ketone
Lith/0
Stone
Meat/o
Passage
Nephr/o
Kidney
Noct/o
Night
Perine/o
Perineum
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
Py /o
Pus
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
Ren/o
Kidney
Scler/o
Hardening
Son/o
Sound
Ur/0
Urine, urinate, urination
Ureter/o
Ureter
Urethr/o
Urethra
Urinat/o
Urine
Contin
To hold
Excretor
Sifted out
Log
Study
Strict
To draw, to bird
URET
Urine
Albuminuria
indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine albumin is the major protein in blood plasma when detected in urine it may indicate a leak in the glomerular membrane which allows albumin to enter the renal tubule and pass into the urine
Antidiuretic
pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secretion
Anuria
literally means without the formation of urine lack of urine production
Bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
Calciuria
presence of calcium in the urine
Calculus
pebble; any abnormal concretion (Stone ) plural calculi
Catheter
tube of plastic silicone, rubber, or plastic that is inserted into a body cavity to remove fluid or to inject fluid
Chronic kidney disease (ckd)
disease that results from any condition that causes gradual loss of kidney function when the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as well as healthy kidneys waste from the blood remains in the body CKD can lead to kidney failure, diabetes, and high. Blood pressure are the most common causes of CKDC dialysis and renal transplantation for treatment options
Cystectomy
surgical excision of the bladder or part of the bladder
Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder, usually occurring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections more than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by escherichia coli, a bacillus found in the lower gastrointestinal tract
cystocele
hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
Cystogram
an x-ray record of the bladder
Cystolith
A bladder stone, a vesicle calculus
Cystoscope
medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
Dialysis
medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood into meeting fluid electrolyte and acid base balance, and impaired kidney function, or in the absence of a kidney the two main types of dialysis hemodialysis HD and peritoneal dialysis PD remove waste from the blood in different ways
Diuresis
pathological condition of increased or excessive flow of urine, occurs in conditions, such as diabetes, mellitus and diabetes insipidus diuretics can also produce diuresis
Dysuria
difficult or painful urination
Edema
pathological condition in which body tissues contain an accumulation of fluid
Enuresis
condition of involuntary emission of urine bedwetting
Excretory
pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( eswl)
process, whereby a medical devices used to crush kidney stones. The patient is usually sedated and a computerized x-ray machine is used to pinpoint the location of the stone within the kidney. A series of shockwaves is administered to the stone, pounding it until it crumbles into small pieces, these pieces are generally flushed out with urine.
Glomerular
literally means pertaining to the glomerulus a network of blood vessels located within the glomerular capsule that permits a greater surface area for filtration
Glomerulitis
inflammation of the renal glomeruli
glomerulonenephritis
inflammation of the kidney involving primarily glomeruli there are three types acute glomerulonenephritis (agn) chronic glomerulonenephritis (cgn) and subacute glomerulonenephritis
Glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine
Hematuria
presence of red blood cells erythrocytes in the urine in microscopic hematuria the urine appears normal to the naked eye, but examination with a microscope shows a high number of RBCs gross hematuria can be seen with the naked eye. The urine is red, or the color of cola if white blood cells are found in addition to red blood cells then it is a sign of urinary tract infection.
Hemodialysis (HD)
use of an artificial kidney to separate waste from the blood. The blood is circulated through tubes made of semi permeable membranes in these tubes are continually bathe by solutions that remove waste.
Hydronephrosis
pathological condition in which year and collects in the renal pelvis, because I have an obstructed outflow there by causing distention and damage to the kidney can be caused by renal calculi, tumor, or hyperplasia of the prostate gland
Hypercalciuria
excessive amount of calcium in the urine
Incontinence
inability to hold or control, urination or defecation
Interstitial cystitis
 chronically, irritable and painful inflammation of the bladder wall
Ketonuria
presence of ketones in the urine, resulting from breakdown of fats, due to faulty or an adequate carbohydrate metabolism. It occurs primarily as a complication of diabetes mellitus, but can occur in dieting and starvation.
Lithotripsy
crushing of a kidney stone
Meatotomy
incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
Meatus
opening or passage, the external opening of the urethra
Nephrectomy
surgical excision of a kidney
Nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
nephrolithiasis
commonly called kidney stones. Usually deposits of mineral salts called calculi in the kidney. The stones can pass in to the ureter, irritate kidney tissue and block. Urine flow, kidney stones occur when the year and has high level of minerals usually calcium that forms stones
Nephrology
literally means study of the kidney study of kidney function, as well as diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases
Nephroma
kidney tumor
Nephron
Basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
Nephropathy
pathological disease of the kidney
Nephrosclerosis
condition of hardening of the kidney
nocturia
urination during the night
Oliguria
scanty, decreased amount of urine. The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure, hypovolemic shock, multiple organ dysfunction, syndrome, or urinary obstruction/urinary retention. It can be contrasted with anuria, which represents a more complete suppression of urination.
percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy (PUL)
Crushing of a kidney stone using ultrasound this is an invasive surgical procedure performed using a nephroscope
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)
separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter in dialysis fluid, is introduced into the peritoneal cavity and waste from the blood pass in to the fluid. The fluid and waste are then removed from the body types of peritoneal dialysis are IPD intermittent and CAPD continuous ambulatory
Periurethral
literally means pertaining to around the urethra, the immediate area surrounding the urethra
Polyuria
literally means much urine frequent urination occurs in diabetes mellitus chronic nephritis and nephrosclerosis can be induced with diuretics and following excessive intake of liquids
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
Pyelolithotomy
surgical incision into the renal pelvis for removal of a stone
Pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder. escherichia coli is a bacillus that is normally found in the large intestine. These infections usually spread from the lower urinary tract, the other urethra to the ureters, and then into the renal pelvis.
Pyuria
pass or white blood cells in the urine caused by infection, most commonly bacterial or response to an inflammatory process in the body
Renal
pertaining to the kidney
Renal colic
Sharp, severe pain in the lower back over the kidney radiating forward into the groin. It usually accompanies forcible dilation of a ureter, followed by a spasm as a stone is lodged, or passed through it.
Renal failure
pathological failure of the kidney to function, also referred to as kidney failure
Renal transplantation
The organ transplant of a healthy donor kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease the transfer the kidney takes over the work of the two kidneys that failed so dialysis is no longer needed also called kidney transplantation
Renin
an enzyme produced by the kidneys, that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone the blood renin level is elevated in some types of hypertension
Sediment
‘substance that settles at the bottom of a liquid, a precipitate can be produced by centrifuging, urine, or other body fluids
Sterile
State of being free from living microorganisms; aseptic
Uremia
excess of urea creatinine and other nitrogen, genius and products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood also referred to as azotemia in current usage. It refers to the syndrome associated with end stage renal failure.
Ureteroplasty
surgical repair of a ureter
ureterostomy
 surgical creation of a new opening into the ureter to provide an alternate route for drainage of urine
Urethral stricture
narrowing or constriction of the urethra
urethroperineal
pertaining to the urethra and perineum
Urgency
sudden need to void urinate
Urination
The release of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body to void
Urobilin
Brown pigment, formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen may be formed in the urine after exposure to air
Urochrome
Pigment that gives you’re in the normal yellow color
Urologist
physician who specializes in the study of the urinary system
Urology
Study of the urinary system
