chapter 7 Flashcards
Absorpt/o
To take in
Aden/o
Gland
Amyl/o
Starch
Anabol/o
Building-up
Append/o
Appendix
Bil/i
Gall, bile
Bucc/o
Cheek
Catabol/o
Casting down
Celi/o
Abdomen, belly
Cheil/o
Lip
Chol/e
Gall, bile
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
Cirrh/o
Orange-yellow
Col/o
Colon
Colon/o
Colon
Cyst/o
Bladder
Dent/o
Tooth
Diverticul/o
Diverticula
Duoden/o
Duodenum
Enter/o
Intestine
Esophage/o, esophag/o
Esophagus
Gastr/o
Stomach
Gingiv/o
Gums
Gloss/o
Tongue
Glyc/ o
Sweet, sugar
Halit/o
Breath
Hemat/o
Blood
Hemorrh/o
Vein liable to bleed
Hepat/o
Liver
Herni/o
Hernia
Ile/o
Ileum
Labi/o
Lip
Lapar/o
abdomen
Lingu/o
Tongue
Mes/o
Middle
Odont/o
Tooth
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Pept/ o
To digest
Pharyng/e, pharyng/o
Pharynx
Pil/o
Hair
Prand/i
Meal
Proct/ o
Anus and rectum
Pylor/o
Pylorus, gatekeeper
Rect/o
Rectum
Sial/o
Saliva, salivary
Sigmoid/ o
Sigmoid
Splen/o
Spleen
Stomat/o
Mouth
Verm/i
Worm
Constipat
To press together
Eme
To vomit
Laxat
To loosen
Log
Study
Masticat
To chew
nid
Nest
Paralyt
To disable, paralysis
Volvul
To roll
Absorption
process by which nutrient material is transferred from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream or lymph
Amylase
enzyme that breaks down starch. Ptyalin is a salivary amylase and amylopsin is a pancreatic amylase
Anabolism
building up of body substances in the constructive phase of metabolism
Anorexia
lack of appetite, decreased desire for food
Appendectomy
Surgical excision of the appendix
Appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix. A point of tenderness in acute appendicitis is known as McBurney point located on the right side of the abdomen one to 2 inches above the Antero superior spine of the ileum on a line between the ileum and the umbilicus.
Ascites
significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Biliary
pertaining to bile 
Bilirubin
Orange colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells
Black hairy tongue
condition in which the tongue is covered like hair, like Papile entangled with rides, produced by aspergillus Niger, or candida albicans fungi or by bacteria. This unusual condition could be caused by poor oral hygiene, and or overgrowth of fungi due to antibiotic therapy.
Bowel
intestine; the long tube in the body, that stores, and then eliminates waste out of the body
Buccal
Literally means pertaining to the cheek relating to the cheek or mouth
Catabolism
literally means casting down; in metabolism, a breaking down of complex substances into more basic elements
Celiac
Pertaining to the abdomen
Cheilosis
Abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin another B complex deficiencies
Cholecystectomy
surgical excision of the gallbladder with laparoscopic cholecystectomy the gallbladder is removed there a small incision near the neighbor. Gull stones are usually present in removed gallbladder.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Choledochotomy
surgical incision of the common bile duct
Cirrhosis
chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes. parenchymal cells in the lobules are infiltrated with fat
Coletomy
surgical excision of part of the colon
Colon cancer
malignancy of the colon sometimes called colorectal cancer
Colonoscope
thin lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy
Colonoscopy
Visual examination of the colon via colonoscope
Colostomy
A surgical procedure that brings one of the large intestine out through an opening (stoma) made in the abdominal wall. Stool moving through the intestine drains through the stoma into a bag attached to the abdomen. A colostomy can be permanent or temporary. The most common types are transverse, descending, and sigmoid so named due to the site of the disorder and the location of the stoma.
Constipation
in frequent passage of unduly, hard and dry feces, difficult defecation
Crohn disease
Chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly occurs in the ileum
Dentalgia
pain in a tooth, toothache
Dentition
Type number, an arrangement of teeth in the dental arch
Diarrhea
frequent passage of unformed watery stool
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticula in the colon. Symptoms include pain, fever, chills, Grampy, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition.
Duodenal
Pertaining to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine
Dysentary
And intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane
Dyspepsia
difficulty indigestion, indigestion
Dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing 
emesis
Vomiting
Enteric
Pertaining to the small intestine
Enteritis
Information of the small intestine
Enzyme
protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances, without being change itself
Epigastric
pertaining to the region above the stomach
Esophageal
Pertaining to the esophagus
Feces
body waste, discharge from the bowel by the way the anus; also called bowel movement, stool, excreta
Flatus
Literally means blowing in in Latin; the expelling gas from the anus. The average person passes 400 to 1200 mL of gas each day.
Gastrectomy
surgical excision of a part or the whole stomach
Gastric
pertaining to the stomach
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestine
Gastroenterologist
Physician who specializes in the stomach and intestine
Gastroenterology
Study of the stomach and intestine
Gastroesophageal
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
condition that occurs in the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach‘s contents to back up (reflux) into the esophagus, symptoms include heartburn, belching, and regurgitation of food
gavage
to feed liquid or semi liquid food via a tube
Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
Glossectomy
partial or complete surgical, excision of the tongue
Glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose
Halitosis
Bad breath
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
Hemorrhoid
mass of dilated tortuous veins in the animal rectum can be internal or external
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Hernia
abnormal protrusion of an organ, or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves into the chest a small opening in the diaphragm. and umbilical hernia occurs when the part of the intestine protrudes or an opening in the abdominal muscles umbilical hernias are most common in infants, but they can affect adults as well. in an infant an umbilical hernia may be especially evident when the infant cries causing the babies navel to protrude an inguinal hernia occurs when a loop of intestines enters the inguinal canal a tubular passage through the lower layers of the abdominal wall.
Herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of a hernia
Hyperemesis
Excessive vomiting
Hypogastric
pertaining to below the stomach
Ileostomy
The surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring a normal immune response an information of the gastrointestinal track the two most common inflammatory bowel disease is ulcerative colitis (information of the large intestine/uc) and Crohn’s disease( inflammation of any portion of the digestive track/CD )
Intussusception
The sleeping or telescoping, one part of an intestine into another part just below it noted, chiefly in children, and occurring in the ileocecal region
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Disorder that affects the muscular contractions of the colon and interferes with its normal functioning, characterized by a group of symptoms, including crampy, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea
Labial
pertaining to the lip
Laparotomy
surgical incision into the abdomen
Lavage
to wash out a cavity. Gastric lavage is used to remove or dilute gastric contents in cases of acute poisoning, or ingestion of caustic. Substance vomiting should not be induced a close system. Irrigation uses an ordered a mouth solution until the desired results are obtained.
Laxative
substance that acts to loosen the power
Lingual
Pertaining to the tongue
Malabsorption
inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract
Mastication
chewing the physical breaking up of food, and mixing with saliva in the mouth
Melena
black tarry faces that have a distinctive odor and contains digested blood. Usually results from bleeding in the upper G.I. tract can be a sign of peptic ulcer.
Mesentary
Pertaining to the peritoneal fold and circling the small intestine, and connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Nausea
Uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit
Pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
Paralytic ileus
Paralysis of the intestines that causes distention and symptoms of acute power, obstruction and inactivity
Peptic
pertaining to gastric digestion
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach, the pylorus and duodenum, or the esophagus
Periodontal
pertaining to the area around a tooth
Periodontal disease
information and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of teeth
Peristalsis
wavelike contractions that occur, involuntarily and hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal
Pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
Pilonidal cyst
Close sack in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region caused by a developmental defect that permits epithelial tissue and hair to be trapped below the skin and cause pain or swelling above the area of the anus or near the tailbone
Postprandial (pp)
Pertaining to after a meal
Probiotics
Live micro organisms that will administer an adequate amount to confirm a health benefit on the digestive system in the United States. Probiotics were available as dietary supplements and and dairy foods. The FDA has not approved any health claims for probiotics. However, there are used for a variety of gastrointestinal condition, such as infectious, diarrhea, diarrhea associated with using antibiotics, irritable syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease
Proctoscope
an instrument used in medical procedure to view the interior of the rectal cavity, a short straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, usually with a small light bulb mounted at the end
Pyloric
pertaining to the gate keeper, opening between the stomach and the duodenum
Rectocele
hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina
Sialadenitis
Inflammation of the salivary gland
Sigmoidoscope
an instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the sigmoid colon
Splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
Stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
Sublingual
pertaining to below the tongue
Ulcerative colitis
Disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine information, usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon but can affect the entire colon also called colitis or proctitis
Vermiform
Shaped like a worm the vermiform appendix is so named because of the worm like sheep
Volvulus
Twisting of the barrel on it, so that it causes an obstruction
