Chapter 16 Flashcards
Abort/o
To miscarry
Cervic/o
Cervix, neck
Coit/o
A coming-together
Colp/o
Vagina
Culd/o
Cul-de-sac
Cyst/o
Bladder
Fibr/o
Fibrous tissue
Gynec/o
Female
Hyster/o
Womb, uterus
Mamm/o
Breast
Mast/o
Breast
Men/o
Month, menses, menstruation
Metr/o
Womb, uterus
Metri/o
Womb, uterus
My/o
Muscle
O/o
Ovum, egg
Oophor/o
Ovary
Pareun/o
Lying beside, sexual intercourse
Rect/o
Rectum
Salping/o
Fallopian tube
Uter/o
Uterus
Vagin/o
Vagina
Vers/o
Turning
Bartholin
Bartholin glands
Cept
Receive
Genital
Belonging to birth
Hymen
Hymen
Lamp(s)
To shine
Lump
Lump
Ovulat
Little egg
Pause
Cessation
Abortion (AB)
Process of miscarrying (either spontaneous or induced); termination of a pregnancy. Treatment during or after a miscarriage includes measures to prevent hemorrhage and infection. With any type of miscarriage the patient should see her healthcare provider as soon as possible. If the abortion is incomplete and not all tissue as been expelled, a dialation and curettage (D&C), which is an expansion of the cervical canal and scraping of the uterine wall is usually formed.
Adnexa
Accessory parts of a structure; adnexa uteri refers to the ovaries and fallopian tubes
Amenorrhea
Lack of the monthly flow (menses or menstruation)
Bartholinitis
Inflammation of the Bartholin glands. To check for swelling, redness, or tenderness, a Bartholin gland is palpated at the posterior labia majora
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the uterine cervix
Cesarean section (CS, C section)
Delivery of the fetus by means of an incision through the abdominal cavity and then into the uterus. Elective C section is indicated for known cephalopelvic (head to pelvis) disproportion, malpresentation and active herpes infection. Fetal distress is the most common cause of a CS
Colposcope
Medical instrument used to examine the vagina and cervix by means of a magnifying lems
Contraception
Process of preventing conception
Culdocentesis
Surgical puncture of the cul de sac for removal of fluid
Cystocele
Hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
Doppler ultra sound
Procedure using an audio transformation of high frequency sounds to monitor the fetal heartbeat FHB
Dysmenorrhea
Difficult or painful monthly flow (menses or menstruation)
Dyspareunia
Difficult or painful sexual intercourse (copulation)
Eclampsia
Complication of severe preeclampsia that involves seizures; also known as toxemia or pregnancy- induced hypertension (PIH)
Ectopic pregnancy
A pregnancy that occurs when the fertilized egg is implanted in one of the various sites the most common being a fallopian tube; also referred to as a tibia pregnancy. This type of pregnancy is life threatening to the mother and almost always fatal to the fetus
Endometriosis
Pathological condition in which endometrial tissue has been displaced to various sites in the abdominal or pelvic cavity. This tissue responds to cyclic hormonal signals. Because it is outside the uterus and cannot be cast of each month, the tissue causes bleeding with the formation of scars and adhesions. This is generally what causes daily or monthly cyclic pain
Fibrils
Fibrous tissue tumor; also called fibroid tumor, the most common benign tumor found in women
Genitalia
Male or female reproductive organs
Gravida
Refers to any pregnancy, regardless of duration including the present one when used in recording of an obstetrical history indicates the number of pregnancy. Nulligravida: never been pregnant (gravida 0), primigravida: first time pregnancy (gravida 1), multigravida: more than one pregnancy (gravida 2,3,4,5, etc)
Group B streptococcus (GBS)
Type of bacterium commonly found in the vagina and intestinal tract; found in 10-25% of all pregnant women is can cause life threatening infections in the newborn
Gynecologist
Physician who specializes in the study of the female, especially the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts
Gynecology (GYN)
Study of the female especially the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts
Hymenectomy
Surgical excision of the membranous fold of tissue the hymen that partially or completely covers the vaginal opening. This procedure may be used to allow for the flow of menses, allow for tampon use, and or sex
Hysterectomy
Surgical excision of the uterus
Hysteroscope
Instrument used in the biopsy of uterine tissue before 12 weeks gestation. This tissue is analyzed for chromosome arrangement, DNA sequence, and genetic defects
Hysterotomy
Incision into the uterus, commonly combined with a laparotomy during a cesarean section
Intrauterine
Pertaining to within the uterus
Laser ablation
Procedure that uses a laser to destroy the uterine lining; may be called endometrial ablation. A biopsy is performed before the procedure can be used to reduce excessive menstrual bleeding
Linea nigra
Dark line on the abdomen that runs above the umbilicus to the pubis during pregnancy. Literally means black line. It can be light and barely visible in some or it can be darker than the surrounding skin and stand out more clearly in other women
Lochia
Vaginal discharge occurring after childbirth. At first it is blood tinged (lochia rubra) then after 3 or 4 days it becomes pink and brown tinged (lochia serosa) after that it becomes yellow and then turns to white (lochia alba) typically lasts 2-4 weeks
Lumpectomy
Surgical removal of a tumor of the breast this procedure removes only the tumor and some surrounding tissue but no lymph nodes
Mammoplasty
Surgical repair of the breast
Mastectomy
Surgical excision of the breast can involve a modified radical or radical mastectomy. With a modified radical approach, all of the breast tissue and the underarm lymph nodes are removed but the muscles remain intact. In a radical mastectomy chest muscle is removed
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast that occurs most commonly in women who are breastfeeding. It is caused by bacteria that enter through a crack or abrasion of the nipple. Generalized symptoms include fever chills and headaches. Localized symptoms include breast pain redness tenderness and swelling
Menarche
Beginning of the first monthly flow
Menopause
Cessation of the monthly flow; also called climacteric
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding at the time of a menstrual period, either in number of days or amount of blood or both. Can be caused by such conditions as uterine fibroid tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, or an endocrine imbalance
Menorrhea
Normal monthly flow
Mittelschmerz
Abdominal pain that occurs midway between the menstrual periods of ovulation
Myometritis
Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus
Oligomenorrhea
Scanty monthly flow
Oogenesis
Formation of the ovum
Oophorectomy
Surgical excision of an ovary
Ovulation
Process in which an ovum is discharged from the cortex of the ovary; periodic ripening and rupture of a mature graafian follicle and the discharge of an ovum from the cortex of the ovary. Occurs approximately 14 days before the onset of the the next menstrual period
Para
Means to bear or bring forth; refers to a woman who has given birth after a minimum of 20 weeks gestation regardless of whether the baby was born dead or alive
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Infection of the upper genital area can affect the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Perimenopause
Period of gradual changes that lead into menopause affecting a woman’s hormones body and feelings. It can be a stop- start process that can take months or years. Hormone levels fluctuate thereby causing changes in the menstrual cycle which becomes irregular
Placenta previa
In this condition the placenta is improperly implanted in the lower uterine segment. The fetus receives less oxygen and the expectant mother has an increased risk of hemorrhage and infection. Placenta previa is classified as one of four degrees
Postcoital
Pertaining to after sexual intercourse
Preeclampsia
Serious complication of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension proinuria(abnormal concentrations of urinary proteins) and edema also known as pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Condition that affects certain women and can cause distressful symptoms that begin 2 weeks before the onset of menstruation. The cause is unknown but may be due to the amount of prostaglandin produced a deficient or excessive amount of estrogen or progesterone or an interrelationship between these factors.
Rectovaginal
Pertaining to the rectum and vagina
Retroversion
Process of being turned backward such as the displacement of the uterus with the cervix pointed forward
Salpingectomy
Surgical excision of a fallopian tube
Salpingooophorectomy
Surgical excision of an ovary and a fallopian tube
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
A serious bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Symptoms of TSS start suddenly with vomiting high fever temperature at least 102°F a rapid drop in blood pressure with lightheadedness or fainting, watery, diarrhea, headache, sore throat and muscle aches.
Uterine fibroid
The nine fibrous tumor of the uterus made up of muscle cells and other tissues that grow within the walls of the uterus the most common benign tumors and women of childbearing age also called uterine leiomyoma. Fibroids are classified into three groups based on where they grow, such as underneath the lining of the uterus between the muscle of the uterus or on the outside of the uterus, most fibroids grow within the walls of the uterus and some grow on stocks called peduncles that grow up from the surface of the uterus or into the cavity of the uterus.
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina
