Chapter 18 Flashcards
Agor/a
Marketplace
Aut/o
Self
Centr/o
Center
Compuls/o
Compel, drive
Cycl/o
Circle, cycle
Delus/o
To cheat
Eg/o
I, self
Neur/o
Nerve
Obsess/o
Besieged by thoughts
Path/o
Disease
Phob/o
Fear
Phren/o
Mind
Psych/o
Mind
Schiz/o
To divide
Somat/o
Body
Thym/o
Mind, emotion
Trop/o
Turning
Hallucinat
To wander in mind
iatr
Treatment
Affect
Psychology, observable evidence of an individuals emotional reaction as associated with an experience
Affective disorder
Characterized by a disturbance of mood accompanied by manic or depressive syndrome, the syndrome is not caused by any other physical or mental disorder
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder, agoraphobia involves intense, fear, and anxiety in any place or situation where escape might be difficult leading to avoidance of being alone outside of the home, traveling in a car bus or airplane or being in a crowded area
Anorexia nervosa
Complex psychological disorder in which the individual refuses to eat or has an abnormally limited eating powder people with eating disorders may engage in self induced vomiting and abusive laxatives, diuretics or prolonged exercise to control their weight. The condition could lead them to become excessively thin or even emaciated severe cases this condition can be life-threatening
Anxiety
Feeling of an easiness, apprehension, worry, or dread, involuntary or reflex reaction of the body to stress anxiety can be normal reaction to stress and can help us deal with a tent situation study harder for an exam or keep focused on an important speech in general it can help us cope
Anxiety disorders
Mental disorders that can affect adults and children and are chronic growing progressively worse if not treated these disorders appear to be caused by an interaction of bio psychosocial factors, including genetic vulnerability, which interact with situations stress, or trauma to produce clinically significant syndromes. Symptoms which may be benign in childhood or adolescence, including excessive irrational, fear or dread example includes obsessive, compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder.
Apathy
Condition in which a person, lacks feelings and emotions and is indifferent
Apperception
Comprehension or simulation of the meaning in significance of a particular sensory stimulus as modified by an individuals own experiences, knowledge, thoughts and emotions
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD
One of the most common childhood disorders, ADHD can continue through adolescence and adulthood symptoms include difficulties, staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior and hyperactivity
Autism spectrum disorder ASD
A DSM five term that reflects a scientific consensus that four previously separate disorders are actually a single condition with different levels of symptoms severity some children are mildly impaired by their symptoms, but others are severely disabled DSM five currently defines disorders, autistic disorder, autism Asperger disorder, Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, CDD, pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified PDDNOS
Bipolar disorder
Brain disorder, also known as manic depressive illness that causes unusual shifts in a persons mood, energy and ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling, mood changes, mania, or hypomania less severe form of mania and severe depression in DSM five a specifier with mixed features can be applied to episodes of mania/hypomania and depression that occurs simultaneously.
Compulsion
Uncontrollable, recurrent and distressing urge to perform an act in order to relieve fear connected with obsession, common compulsions, involve excessive handwashing, touching objects, and continual counting and checking
Cyclothymic disorder
Mood disorder characterized by alternating moods of elation and depression, similar to bipolar disorder, but of milder intensity
Delirium
State of mental confusion marked by illusions, hallucinations, excitement, restlessness, delusions, and speech and incoherence
Delusion
Characterized by bizarre thoughts that have no bases in reality, a fixed false belief or abnormal perception held by a person despite evidence to the contrary
Dementia
Problem in the brain that makes it difficult for a person to remember learn and communicate, and eventually to take care of him or herself can also affect a person’s mood and personality. Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type is the most common form.
Depression
Mental disorder marked by altered mood and loss of interest in things that are usually pleasurable such as food sex work friends hobbies are entertainment
Dissociation
Defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes become separated from normal consciousness and the separated function as a unitary hole in dissociative disorder there is severe disturbance or trauma that causes changes in memory, consciousness and identity and general awareness of oneself and ones environment. There are four primary types of dissociative disorders, psychogenic, amnesia, psychogenic, fugue, dissociative, identity disorder, DID and depersonalization disorder.
Eating disorders
Disorders that cause serious disturbances to an individuals every day diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely over eating anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder or the most common types
Egocentric
Pertaining to be self-centered
Factitious disorder
Disorder that is not real genuine or natural the physical and psychological symptoms are produced by the person to place him or herself or another in the role of a patient or someone in need of help these patients have severe personality disturbance munchausen syndrome is a chronic factitious disorder in which a healthy person habitually seeks medical treatment in the rare Munchhausen by proxy syndrome Mbps, a parent usually the mother or other caregiver is deliberately the cause of a illness poisoning, for instance, to gain sympathy or attention
Fugue
Dissociative disorder in which amnesia is accompanied by physical flight from customary surroundings in psychogenic fugue. There is sudden unexpected travel away from an individuals home place of work with inability to recall the past the individual can assume a partial or completely new identity. This condition is usually a short duration, but can last four months following recovery. The person does not recall anything that happened during the fugue.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Characterized by much higher levels of anxiety than people normally experienced day today it is chronic and fills a persons day with exaggerated worry, intention having this disorder means always anticipating disaster often worrying, excessively about health, money, family, or work
Hallucination
Process of experiencing sensations that have no source some examples of hallucinations include hearing nonexistent, voices saying nonexistent things and experiencing burning or pain sensations with no physical cause
Hypomania
Abnormal mood of mild mania, characterized by hyperactivity inflated self-esteem, talkativeness height, and sexual interest quickness to anger, irritability, and decreased need for sleep
Impulsive control disorder
Total condition in which the person is unable to resist urges or impulses to perform ox that could be harmful to him or herself, or others pyromania starting fires, kleptomania stealing and compulsive gambling are examples of impulse control disorders
Mania
Mental disorder characterized by excessive excitement, literally means madness
Mood
Pervasive and sustained emotion that plays a key role in an individuals perception of the world. Examples include depression, joy, elation, anger, and anxiety.
Neurotic
Pertaining to one who has an abnormal emotional or mental disorder
Norepinephrine
Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that acts as a neurotransmitter it is believed that disturbances and its metabolism important brain sites can be implicated in affective disorders
Obsession
Neurotic state in which an individual has a recurrent persistent thought, image or impulse that is unwanted and distressing, and comes involuntarily to mind despite attempts to resist
Paranoia
Mental disorder, characterized by highly exaggerated or unwarranted, mistrust or suspiciousness, generally classified into three categories, paranoid, personality disorder, delusional, paranoid disorder, and paranoid, schizophrenia, delusional, paranoid disorder is characterized by persistent delusions of persecution, or grandeur of a combination of the two
Personality disorder
Mental disorder, characterized by inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that are exhibited across many context and deviate market Lee from those accepted by the individuals culture often causes problems and work school or social relationships
Phobia
Morbid and persistent fear of a specific object, activity or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid the fear stimulus examples include claustrophobia fear of enclosed spaces, acrophobia fear of heights, photophobia, fear of light arachnophobia, fear of spiders, nyctophobia fear of darkness/night, hematophobia or hemophobia, fear of blood and bleeding
Post traumatic stress disorder, PTSD
Debilitating anxiety disorder that can develop following a terrifying event. It was brought to public attention by war veterans and DSM five the diagnostic threshold have been lowered for children and adolescence and separated. Criteria have been added for children, age 6 years or younger PTSD can result from any number of traumatic incident, such as a mugging, rape or torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, serious accident, and natural disasters.
Psychiatrist
Physician who specializes in the study and treatment of mental disorders
Psychopath
Mentally ill individual with an antisocial personality disorder also called sociopath
Psychosis
Serious abnormal mental condition in which the individuals mental capacity to recognize reality and communicate with and relate to others as impaired the person can experience, delusions and hallucinations
Psychosomatic
Pertaining to the inter relationship of the mind and the body, a manifestation of physical disease that has a mental origin
Psychotropic
Drug that affects psychic function, behavior, or experience
Pyromania
Impulsive disorder, consisting of a compulsion to set fires or to watch fires literally means a madness for fire person suffering from this disorder, receives pleasure and emotional relief from these activities
Schizophrenia
Mental disorder, characterized by positive and negative symptoms positive psychotic symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech negative symptoms include social withdrawal, extreme apathy diminished motivation, and blunted emotional expression
Seasonal affective disorder
Form of depression that appears related to fluctuations in a persons exposure to natural light usually strikes during autumn, and often continues through winter when natural light is reduced researchers have found that people who have SA can be helped if they spend blocks of time in light from a special spectrum light source called a light therapy box
Serotonin
Chemical present in gastrointestinal, mucosa, platelets, and my cells and carcinoid tumors so constructor and neurotransmitter in the central nervous system CNS affect sleeps and sensory perception
Sexual disorders
Disorders that affect sexual desire performance and behavior, sexual dysfunction, gender, dysphoria, characterized by persistent discomfort concerning one’s anatomical sexual makeup, and the desire to live as a member of the opposite sex and paras are examples in paraphilia sexual arousal, requires unusual or bizarre, fantasies, or acts involving non-human objects, sexual activity with humans in which real or simulated suffering or humiliation occurs or sexual activity with non-consenting partners included in this disorder, beastiality fetishism transvestism, zoophilia, pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, sexual masochism and sexual sadism
Somatic symptom disorder SDD
Mental disorder in which the person experiences the physical symptoms of an illness that are not explained by medical condition or a medication. SSD is characterized by somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning as well as excessive and dis, disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding those symptoms to be diagnosed with SSD the individual must be persistently, symptomatic, typically for at least six months.
Substance abuse
Use of medication, alcohol or illegal substances
Suicide
Willfully ending one’s own life in the United States suicide is the seventh leading cause of death for males the 14th for females and the third for young people 15 to 24 years of age research shows that the risk for suicide is associated with changes in the brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, including serotonin decrease levels of serotonin, have been found in people with depression, impulsive disorders, and history of suicide, attempts and brains of suicide victims
Tic disorder
Characterized by spasmodic muscular constructions most commonly involving the face mouth, eyes, head, neck or shoulder muscles. People with tick disorders make sounds or display body movements that are repetitive quick and sudden, and or uncontrollable and general tics are of psychological or neurological origin
