chapter 8 Flashcards
Angi/o
Vessel
Angin/o
To choke
Arteri/o
Artery
Ather/o
Fatty substance
Atri/ o
Atrium
Auscultat /o
Listen to
Cardi/o
Heart
Chol/e
Bile
Circulat/o
Circular
Claudicat/o
To limp
Corpor/o
Body
Cyan/ o
Dark blue
Dilat /o
to widen
Dynam/ o
Power
Embol/o
To cast, to throw
Glyc/o
Sweet, sugar
Hem/ o
Blood
Infarct /o
Infarct (necrosis of an area)
Isch/ o
To hold back
Lipid/o
Fat
Lun/o
Moon
Man/o
Thin
Mitr/o
Mitral valve
My/o
Muscle
Occlus/o
To close up
Ox/i
Oxygen
Pector/o
Chest
Phleb/o
Vein
Pulmon /o
Lung
Rrhythm / o
Rhythm
Scler/o
Hardening
Sept/o
A partition
Sin/o
A curve
Sphygm/o
Pulse
Sten/o
Narrowing
Steth/o
Chest
Thromb/o
Clot
Valvul/o
Valve
Vas/o
Vessel
Vascul/o
Small vessel
Ventricul/o
Ventricle
Vers/ o
Turning
Anastom
Opening
ARTER
Artery
Card
Heart
Fibrillat
Fibrils (small fibers)
Log
Study
OXY
Sour, sharp, acid
Palpitat
Throbbing
Sterol
Solid (fat)
Strict
To draw, to bind
Tel
End
Tens
Pressure
Ton
Tone
Anastomosis
action of two things that are normally diverging which can occur naturally in the body. However, in medicine and anastomosis typically refers to a surgical connection between blood vessels are the joining of one hollow, or tubular organ to another.
Aneurysm
Abnormal, widening, or ballooning of a portion of an artery, due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel
Angina pectoris
chest pain that occurs when diseased blood vessels restrict blood flow to the heart. It is the most common symptom of coronary artery disease, and is often referred to as angina. The pain can radiate to the neck jaw or left arm. It is often described as a crushing burning or squeezing sensation patients with CAD can present with stable angina pectoris unstable, angina, pectoralis, or myocardial infarction a heart attack.
Angioma
tumor of a blood vessel
Angioplasty
Surgical repair of a blood vessel, or a non-surgical technique for treating diseases arteries by temporary inflating, a tiny balloon inside an artery
Angiostenosis
pathological condition of the narrowing of a blood vessel
Arrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat also called dysrhythmia
Arterial
pertaining to an artery
Arteriosclerosis
pathological condition of hardening of arteries, arteriosclerotic heart disease, ASHD is hardening of the coronary arteries 
Arteritis
inflammation of an artery
Artificial pacemaker
Electronic device that stimulates impulse initiation within the heart it is a small battery operated device that helps a heartbeat in a regular rhythm
Atheroma
Tumor of an artery containing a fatty substance
Atherosclerosis
Pathological condition of the arteries, characterized by the buildup of fatty substances and hardening of the walls
Auscultation
Method of physical assessment, using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds within the chest, abdomen and other parts of the body
Automated external defibrillator ( AED)
Portable automatic device used to restore normal heart rhythm to patient in cardiac arrest and AED is applied outside of the body. It is automatically analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and advises. The rescuer weather in shock is needed to restore a normal heartbeat if the patient’s heart resume speeding. Normally the heart has been defibrillated.
Bicuspid
Valfer to cusps pertaining to the mitral valve
Bradycardia
Abnormally, slow heartbeat defined as fewer than 60 bpm
Bruit
pathological noise, a sound of Venus or arterial origin heard on auscultation
Cardiac
Pertaining to the heart
Cardiac arrest
loss of effective heart function with results in cessation of functional circulation. Sudden, cardiac arrest (SCA) results in sudden death.
Cardiologist
Physician who specializes in the study of the heart
Cardiology
Literally means study of the heart
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
Cardiometabolic syndrome (cms)
A combination of metabolic dysfunctions, mainly characterized by insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia (abnormally elevated cholesterol or fats in the blood) hypertension, and central adiposity (accumulation of fat around the abdominal area)
Cardiomyopathy (CMP)
disease of the heart muscle that leads to generalize deterioration of the muscle and it’s pumping ability. It can be caused by multiple factors including viral infections.
Cardiopulmonary
Pertaining to the heart and lungs
Cardiotonic
A class medication that is used to increase the tone (pumping strength) of the heart
Cardiovascular (CV)
Pertaining to the heart and small blood vessels
Cardioversion
medical procedure used to treat, cardiac arrhythmias. An electrical shock is delivered to the heart to restore its normal rhythm. The electrical energy can be delivered externally through electrodes placed on the chest or directly to the heart by placing paddles on the heart during open chest surgery.
Cholesterol (chol)
A normal soft, waxy substance found among the lipids in the bloodstream, and all body cells is the building block of steroid hormones, but it is dangerous when it builds up on arterial walls and can contribute to the risk of coronary heart disease
Circulation
The moving of the blood in the veins and arteries throughout the body
Claudication
literally means process of lameness or limping. It is a dull cramping pain in the hips, thighs calves, or buttocks caused by an in adequate supply of oxygen to the muscles due to narrow arteries. It is one of the symptoms in peripheral artery disease.
Constriction
Process of drawing together, as in the narrowing of a vessel
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgical procedure to assist blood flow to the myocardium by using a section of saphenous vein or internal mammary artery to bypass or reroute blood around an obstructed or occluded coronary artery thus improving blood flow and oxygen to the heart.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
most common form of heart disease, it is a progressive disease that increases the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death. CAD usually result from the buildup of fatty material and plaque in the coronary arteries as the coronary arteries narrow the flow of blood to the heart can stop or slow blockage can occur in one or many coronary arteries
Cyanosis
abnormal condition of the skin, and mucous membranes caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood the skin fingernails, and mucous membranes can appear slightly blue or gray
Defibrillator
medical device used to restore normal heart rhythm by delivering an electric shock also called a cardioverter
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heart cycle, during which the heart muscle relaxers, and the heart chambers fill with blood
dysrhythmia
abnormality of the rhythm or rate of the heartbeat it is caused by a disturbance of the normal electrical activity within the heart, and can be divided into two main groups tachycardia‘s in bradycardia‘s. dysrhythmia is also referred to as arrhythmia.
Embolism
Pathological condition caused by obstruction of a blood vessel, by foreign substances, or a blood clot
Endarterectomy
surgical excision of the inner lining of an artery
Endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium usually involving the heart valves. It typically occurs when micro organisms, especially bacteria from another part of the body, such as the gum/teeth spread through the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas of the heart treatment for endocarditis, include antibiotics and severe cases surgery.
Extracorporeal circulation
Pertaining to the circulation of the blood outside the body via a heart lung machine, or in hemodialysis
Fibrillation
quivering or spontaneous contraction of individual muscle fibers, an abnormal bio electric potential occurring in neuropathies and myopathies disorganized, pathological rhythm that can lead to death, if not immediately corrected
Flutter
pathological rapid heart rate that may cause cardiac output to be decreased. With atrial flutter, the heartbeat is 200 to 400 bpm. With ventricular flutter the heartbeat is 250 beats or more per minute. On an EKG recording, a flutter will demonstrate a sawtooth appearance.
Heart failure (HF)
pathological condition in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently left sided heart failure is commonly called congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart- lung transplant
Surgical procedure of transferring the heart and lungs from a donor to a patient
Heart transplant
Surgical procedure of transferring the heart from a donor to a patient
Hemangioma
Benign tumor of the blood vessel
Hemodynamic
The dynamic study of the hearts function in movement of the blood and pressure
Hyperlipidemia
Abnormally high levels of lipids in the blood lipids include steriles, fatty, free acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids
Hypertension (HTN)
A condition in which the force of blood flowing through the blood vessels is consistently too high, commonly called high blood pressure. Hypertension often has no symptoms and is frequently called the silent killer, because if left untreated, it can lead to kidney failure, stroke, heart, attack, peripheral artery, disease, and eye damage, various factors can contribute to developing hypertension, and it is important to know these factors
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
Infarction
process of development of an infarct, which is death of tissue resulting from obstruction of blood flow
Ischemia
condition in which there is lack of oxygen do to decrease blood supply to a part of the body caused by construction or obstruction of a blood vessel
Lipoprotein
lipid and protein molecules that are bound together they are classified as VLDL very low density, lipoprotein’s, LDL, low density lipoprotein’s, and HDL high density lipoprotein’s high levels of VLDL & LDL are associated with cholesterol and triglycerides deposits, in arteries, which could lead to coronary heart disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis
Mitral stenosis
 pathological condition of narrowing of the mitral valve (bicuspid valve) orifice
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Pathological condition that occurs when the leaflets of the mitral valve between the left atrium, and the left ventricle bulge into the atrium and permit backflow of blood into the atrium. The condition is often associated with progressive mitral regurgitation.
Murmur
an abnormal sound ranging from soft and blowing to loud and booming heard on oscillation of the heart and adjacent large blood vessels. Murmurs range from very faint to loud. They sometimes sound like a washing or swishing noise normal heart beats make a “lub-DUPP” or “lub-DUB” sound this is the sound of the heart valves closing as blood moves through the heart, most abnormal murmurs in children or do chicken general heart defects in adult abnormal murmurs are most often due to heart valve problems caused by infection, disease or aging
Myocardial
pertaining to the heart muscle myocardium
Myocardial infarction (MI)
occurs when a focal area of the heart muscle dies, or is permanently damage because of an adequate supply of oxygen to that area, also known as heart attack. The most common symptom of heart attack is angina, which is chest pain often described as a feeling of crushing pressure, phone is heaviness or aching in the center of the chest. Many times people try to ignore the symptoms or say that it is just indigestion. It is imperative to seek medical help immediately calling 911 is almost always the fastest way to get life-saving treatment.
Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by viral or bacterial or fungal infections that reach the heart
Occlusion
A blockage in a vessel, canal or passage of the body
Oximetry
process of measuring the oxygen saturation of blood, a photo electric medical device measures oxygen saturation of the blood by recording the amount of light, transmitted, or reflected by deoxygenated versus oxygenated hemoglobin a pulse oximetry, is noninvasive method of indicating the arterial oxygen saturation of functional hemoglobin
Oxygen
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, gas essential to respiration and animals
Palpitation
An abnormally, rapid, throbbing or fluttering of the heart that is perceivable to the patient and maybe felt by the physician during a physical exam
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
use of a balloon tipped catheter to compress, fatty plaques against an artery wall when successful, the plaques remain compressed which permits more blood to flow through the artery there for providing more oxygen to relieve the symptoms of coronary heart disease
Pericardial
pertaining to the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart
Pericardiocentesis
surgical procedure to remove fluid from the pericardial sac for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes
Pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
pathological condition in which fatty deposits buildup in the inner lining of the artery walls. These blockages restrict blood circulation, mainly in arteries, leading to the kidneys, stomach, arms, legs, and feet in its early stages. A common symptom is cramping or fatigue in the legs and buttocks during activity such cramping subsides when the person stands still this is called intermittent claudication, if left untreated, PAD can progress to critical limb ischemia, which occurs when the oxygenated blood being delivered to the lake is not adequate to keep the tissues alive
Phlebitis
literally meaning inflammation of a vein there will be redness (erythema), swelling, and pain or burning along the length of the affected vein
Phlebotomy
Medical term used to describe the puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for analysis
Raynaud phenomenon
disorder that affects the blood vessels in the fingers and toes. It is characterized by intermittent attacks that cause the blood vessels in the digits to constrict the cause is believed to be the result of vasospasms that decrease blood supply to the respective regions emotional stress, and cold, or classic triggers of the phenomenon and discoloration follows a characteristic pattern in time, white blue and red.
Rheumatic heart disease
pathological condition in which permanent damage to the heart valves as a result of a prior episode of rheumatic fever. The heart valve is damaged by disease process that generally originates with a strep throat caused by Streptococcus A bacteria.
Semilunar
valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery shaped like a crescent, half moon
Septum
Wall or partition that divides a separate a body space or cavity
Shock
A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow the skin damage multiple organs shock requires immediate medical treatment, and can get worse very rapidly in cardiogenic shock. There is a failure to maintain the blood supply to the circulatory system, and tissues, because of inadequate, cardiac output.
Sinoatrial (sa)
Pertaining to the sinus venosus and the atrium
Sphygmomanometer
Medical instrument used to measure the arterial blood pressure
Spider veins
dilated blood vessels typically found in the legs that radiate from a central point also called telangiectasia
Stent
medical device made of expandable metal mesh that is placed (using a balloon catheter) at the site of a narrowing artery. The stent is the expanded and left in place to keep the artery open.
Stethoscope
medical instrument used to listen to the normal and pathological sounds of the heart, lungs and other internal organs
Systole
contractive phase of the heart cycle, during which blood is forced into the systemic circulation via the aorta in the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery
Tachycardia
rapid heartbeat that is over 100 bpm
Telangiectasis
vascular lesion formed by dilation of a group of small blood vessels can appear as a birthmark or because by long-term exposure to the sun
Thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus (blood clot). If the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it poses a potentially life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism.
Thrombosis
A blood clot within the vascular system; stationary blood clot
Tricuspid
Valve with three cusps pertaining to the tricuspid valve
Triglyceride
pertaining to an organic compound, consisting of three molecules of fatty acids
Value replacement surgery
surgical replacement of diseased heart valve with an artificial one. There are two types of artificial valves. A mechanical, heart valve is made of artificial materials and can usually last a lifetime. A biological heart valves made from heart valves, taken from animals or humans cadavers and can wear out overtime.
Valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a cardiac valve
Varicose veins
swollen dilated and not add veins that usually occur in the lower legs, they result from a stagnated or sluggish flow of blood, in combination with defective valves and Weeknd walls of the veins
Vasoconstrictive
Housing construction of the blood vessels
Vasodilator
medicine to ask directly on smooth muscle cells within blood vessels to make them widen/dilate
Vasospasm
spasm of a blood vessel
venipuncture
puncture of a vein for the removal of blood for analysis
Ventricular
pertaining to a cardiac ventricle
