chapter 12 Flashcards
Acid/o
Acid
Acr/o
Extremity, point
Aden/ o
Gland
Adren/o
Adrenal gland
Andr /o
Man
Cortic/o
Cortex
Crin/o
Secrete
Estr/o
Female
Ger/o
Old age
Gigant/o
Giant
Gluc/o
Sweet, sugar
Gonad/o
Seed
Hirsut/o
Hairy
Hydr/o
Water
Insulin/o
Insulin
Kal/i
Potassium (K)
Myx/ o
Mucus
Nephr/o
Kidney
Neur/o
Nerve
ophthalm/o
Eye
Pancreat/ O
Pancreas
Somat/o
Body
Test/o
Testicle
Thym/o
Thymus
Thyr/o(x)
Thyroid, shield
Toxic/o
Poison
Trop/o
Turning
Vas/o
Vessel
Viril/o
Masculine
cortis
Cortex
Dwarf
Small
Esthes
Sensation
gester
To bear
Glandul
Little acorn
Insul
Insulin
Letharg
Drowsiness
Pine
Pine cone
Pituitar
Pituitary gland
Press
To press
Ster
Solid
Acidosis
condition of excessive acidity of body fluids
Acromegaly
characterized by marked enlargement an elongation of the bones of the face jaw and extremities
Addison disease
results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, also called adrenal insufficiency. The most common cause of this condition is the result of the body attacking itself auto immune disease for unknown reasons. The immune system views, the adrenal cortex as a foreign body, something to attack and destroy other causes of Addison disease include infections of the adrenal glands, spread of cancer to the glands and hemorrhage into the glands.
Adenectomy
surgical excision of a gland
Adenoma
tumor of a gland
Adrenal
pertaining to the adrenal glands, triangular bodies that cover the superior surface of the kidneys also called suprarenal glands
Adrenalectomy
surgical excision of an adrenal gland
Androgen
hormones that produce, or stimulate the development of male characteristics, the two major androgens are testosterone and androsterone
Congenital hypothyroidism
severe deficiency of thyroid hormone iodine in newborns this condition causes impaired neurological function, stunted growth and physical deformities previously known as cretinism
Cortisone
glucocorticoid, steroid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, used as an anti-inflammatory agent
Cushing disease
results from hyper secretion of cortisol symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance, prolonged administration of large doses of ACTH can cause Cushing’s syndrome, a buffalo hump, and a moon phase are characteristic signs of this condition
Diabetes
General term used to describe disease is characterized by polyuria access discharge of urine
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Group of metabolic disease is characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin secretion, or both there are three major types of diabetes mellitus type 1,2 and gestational diabetes, which occurs as a result of pregnancy. DM is the seventh highest cause of death in the United States.
Dwarfism
condition of being abnormally small it is a medical disorder characterized by an adult height less than 4’10” 147 cm and is usually classified as the underlying condition that is the cause for the short stature dwarfism is not necessarily caused by any specific disease or disorder. It can simply be a naturally occurring consequence of a persons genetic make up.
Endocrinologist
physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system
Endocrinology
Study of the endocrine system
Epinepherin
hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, used as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulate to relax bronchospasm in to relieve allergic symptoms also called adrenaline
Estrogen
hormones produced by the ovaries, including estradiol, estrone, and estriol female, sex hormones, important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle
Euthyroid
Normal activity of the thyroid gland
Exocrine
pertains to a type of gland that secretes into ducks examples include sweat, glands, salivary, glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, and pancreas
Exophthalmic
pertaining to an abnormal condition, characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeball is often seen in exophthalmic goiter or exophthalmos seen in Graves’ disease. people with graves ophthalmopathy develop eye problems, including bulging, red, or swollen eyes sensitivity to light in blurring or double vision
Gigantism
pathological condition of being abnormally large due to the overproduction of growth hormones in children this condition is called gigantism an adult it is called acromegaly
Glandular
Pertaining to a gland
Glucocorticoid
General classification of the adrenal cortical hormones : cortisol and corticosteroid
Hirsutism
Abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially occurring in women
Hydrocortisone
glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, used as an inflammatory agent
Hypergonadism
condition of excess secretion of the sex glands
Hyperinsulinism
condition of excessive amount of insulin in the blood, causing low blood sugar
Hyperkalemia
Condition of excessive amount of potassium in the blood
hyperthyroidism
Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone TH a condition that can affect many body systems. The most common ideologies of hyperthyroidism are Graves’ disease, and toxics multi nodular goiter Graves’ disease is an an autoimmune disease, in which antibodies produced by the immune system. Stimulate the thyroid to produce too much thyroxine. Other forms of hypothyroidism can be caused by thyroiditis or inflammation of the thyroid gland. Certain, benign or malignant tumors, can also produce too much thyroid hormone.
hypoparathyroidism
Deficient internal secretion of the parathyroid glands
Hypophysis
literally means any undergrowth also called the pituitary gland
Hypothyroidism
pathological condition units, the thyroid gland produces inadequate amounts of the thyroid hormone. It can affect many body systems.
Insulin
hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic isolate in the pancreas acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose, and the process necessary for the intermediary, metabolism of carbohydrates fats, and proteins used in the management of diabetes mellitus
Insulinogenic
formation or production of insulin
Iodine
trace minerals that aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland
Lethargic
pertaining to drowsiness, sluggish
Myxedema
literally means condition of mucus swelling. It is the most severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by marked edema of the face a somnolent look in hair that is stiff and without luster without treatment, and death can occur
Norepinephrine
hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in a cute hypotensive states
Pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
Pineal
endocrine gland shaped like a small pinecone
Pituitarism
any condition of the pituitary gland
Prediabetes
condition that occurs when a persons blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for a diagnosis of type two diabetes it is estimated that at least 86 million Americans have prediabetes in addition to the 29 million with diabetes without lifestyle change most people who have prediabetes will progress to type two diabetes within 10 years
Progeria
pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood
Progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the adrenal cortex, or the placenta release during the second half of the menstrual cycle
Simmons disease
pathological condition in which complete atrophy of the pituitary gland causes loss of function of the thyroid adrenals and go nuts. Symptoms include premature, aging, hair loss, and cachexia also called panhypopituitarism
Somatotropin
growth stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Steroids
Group of chemical substances, that includes hormones, vitamins, steriles, cardiac glycosides, and certain drugs
Testosterone
Hormone produced by the testes male sex hormone important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and masculinization
Thymectomy
surgical excision of the thymus gland
Thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland
Thyroid
 endocrine gland, located in the neck in shape, resembles a shield
Thyroidectomy
surgical excision of the thyroid gland
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
Thyrotoxicosis
literally means a poisonous condition of the thyroid gland, pathological condition, caused by an acute oversecretion of thyroid hormones
Thyroxine ( T4)
hormone produced by the thyroid, gland, important and growth and development, and regulation of the bodies, metabolic rate and metabolism of carbohydrates fats and proteins
Vasopressin (VP)
hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in posterior lobe of the pituitary gland also called antidiuretic hormone ADH hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus a condition characterized by excessive thirst polydipsia and excretion of large amount of diluted urine insipidus means tasteless, reflecting very dilute and watery urine
Virilism
pathological condition in which secondary male characteristic, such as growth of hair on face, and or body and deepening of the voice are produced in female, usually as a result of adrenal dysfunction, or hormonal, imbalance or taking medication
