Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MARE 171 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Molluscs

Molluscs

A

animals that belong to the phylum Mollusca; one of the largest most successful groups of animals (chitons, snails, clams, octopods, squid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Head-Foot

Molluscs

A

the part of the molluscan body that contains the animal’s head and a muscular foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Visceral Mass

Molluscs

A

the part of the molluscan body that contains all of the organs, with the exception of the animal’s head and foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mantle

Molluscs

A

a tissue found in molluscs that is responsible for forming the shell in animals that have one and that in cephalopods functions in locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mantle Cavity

Molluscs

A

the space between the mantle and the mollusc’s body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radula

Molluscs

A

a ribbon of tissue that contains teeth; present in all molluscs except bivalves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Periostracum

Molluscs

A

the outermost layer of a molluscan shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conchiolin

Molluscs

A

a protein that makes up the periostracum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prismatic Layer

Molluscs

A

the middle layer of the molluscan shell and is composed of CaCO3 and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chitons

Molluscs

A

are members of the molluscan class Polyplacophora and they have flattened bodies that are most often covered by eight shell plates
- herbivores; feed with radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Scaphopods

Molluscs

A

are members of the molluscan class Scaphopoda commonly called tusk shells
- buried in sediment; feed with tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gastropods

Molluscs-Gastropods

A

are members of the molluscan class Gastropoda
- most shelled; single piece called Univalve
- (a) Coiled or (b) Uncoiled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Whorl

Gastropods

A

a turn of a gastropod shell around a central axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aperture

Gastropods

A

the opening to a gastropod shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Operculum

Gastropods

A

a structure that some gastropods have for closing their aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bulb Gland

Gastropods

A

gland located near the mouth of cone snails that produces the venom that coats the snail’s radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nudibranchs

Gastropods

A

are marine gastopods that lack a shell; Cerata: projections found on the body of nudibranchs that increase the surface area available for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gastropod Reproduction

Gastropods

A

Internal fertilization in most species; eggs laid in projective jelly-like substance
- some external fertilization

Primitive gastropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trochophore larvae

Gastropods

A

a free swimming larval stage associated with primitive gastropods that shed their eggs into the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Veliger Larvae

Gastropods

A

a free-swimming larva stage characteristic of many marine gastropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hermaphroditic Limpets

Gastropods

A

Credipula
Congregate in stacked groups; male on top fertilizing eggs of female below
All start at males; change to female depending upon sex ratios – determined by Phermones:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phermones

A

a hormone released into the environment by an animal, that controls the development and behavior of other animals of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bivalves

Mollusa-Bivalves

A

are molluscs in the class Bivalvia that have two hinged shells (Valves) covering their body - Have no head or radula; bodies are laterally compressed; shell hinged by ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Umbo

Bivalves

A

the area around the hinge and the oldest part of a bivalve shell; grows outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Adductor muscles ## Footnote Bivalves
close the two valves of a bivalve shell
26
Inhalant opening ## Footnote Bivalves
an opening formed by the mantle that allows water to enter the mantle cavity
27
Exhalant opening ## Footnote Bivalves
an opening formed by the mantle that allows water to exit the mantle cavity
28
Palps ## Footnote Bivalves
are a pair of structures, located near a bivalve’s mouth, that form a food mass from the food filtered by the bivalve and move it to the animal’s mouth
29
Siphons ## Footnote Bivalves
tubular structures formed from a bivalve’s mantle that are fused around the incurrent and excurrent siphons
30
Byssal Threads ## Footnote Bivalves
tough threads composed of protein
31
Bivalve Adaptations ## Footnote Bivalves
Boring Bivalves - Shipworms Unattached surface dwellers Soft-Bottom Burrowers Attached surface dwellers
32
Cephalopods ## Footnote Mollusca-Cephalopoda
are members of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes octopods and squid
33
Nautiloids ## Footnote Cephalopoda
cephalopods whose body is covered by a shell produce large coiled shells composed of chambers
34
Coleoids ## Footnote Cephalopoda
cephalopods that do not have an external shell have 10 appendages; 8 arms and 2 tentacles; have small internal shells
35
Septa ## Footnote Cephalopoda
partitions that separate the chambers of a nautilus shell
36
Siphuncle ## Footnote Cephalopoda
a cord of tissue that runs through the chambers of a nautilus shell and removes seawater from new chambers as they form
37
Crop ## Footnote Cephalopoda
a sac-like structure that stores food
38
Pen ## Footnote Cephalopoda
a strip of hard protein that helps support the mantle
39
Sepia ## Footnote Cephalopoda
a dark fluid produced by the ink gland of coleids; contains Melanin Deep-sea squid have white or bioluminescent Sepia
40
Melanin ## Footnote Cephalopoda
a brown-black pigment;
41
Chromatophores ## Footnote Cephalopoda
are pigment containing cells that function in color changes
42
Spermatophore ## Footnote Cephalopoda
a package of sperm
43
Oviduct
a tube that carries eggs to the outside of the body
44
Annelids ## Footnote Annelids
worms belonging to Phylum Annelida; bodies are divided internally and eternally into segments Many have a Hydrostatic Skeleton
45
Hydrostatic Skeleton ## Footnote Annelids
a means of supporting an animal’s body using fluid contained in a body compartment
46
Setae ## Footnote Annelids
small bristles on the skin of some annelids
47
Polychaetes ## Footnote Annelids-Polychaetes
annelid worms belonging to the class Polychaeta
48
Errant polychaetes ## Footnote Polychaetes
polychaetes that are active movers; predators
49
Sedentary polychaetes ## Footnote Polychaetes
are sessile polychaetes; filter/suspension feeder
50
Nonselective deposit feeders ## Footnote Annelids
are animals that ingest both organic and mineral particles and then digest the organic material
51
Fecal casts (castings) ## Footnote Annelids
are masses of organic material and mineral particles that are defecated by deposit feeders
52
Selective deposit feeders ## Footnote Annelids
are animals that separate organic material from minerals and ingest only the organic material
53
Epitoky ## Footnote Polychaetes
a type of reproduction in some polychaetes that involves the production of a reproductive individual that is adapted for a free swimming existence
54
Epitoke ## Footnote Polychaetes
a free-swimming reproductive individual
55
Swarming ## Footnote Annelids
a behavior that brings reproductive individuals together
56
Fertilizin ## Footnote Polychaetes
a chemical released by some female epitokes that stimulates males to release sperm; stimulates females to release eggs
57
Sipunculids (peanut worms ## Footnote Annelids
are solitary nonsegmented annelid worms that belong to class Sipuncula; burrowing suspension/filter feeders
58
Echiurans (Spoonworms) ## Footnote Annelids
are sausage-shaped annelids that belong to class Echiura - most are deposit feeders
59
Pogonophorans (Beardworms) ## Footnote Annelids
are annelids that belong to the class Pogonophora - live in tubes in deep water; lack mouth and digestive tract – absorb directly into tentacles
60
Nematodes (Roundworms) ## Footnote Annelids
are worms that belong to the phylum Nematoda - most numerous animals on earth - parasitic, carnivorous, and scavengers - important in nutrient cycling; detritus
61
Arthropods ## Footnote Arthropods
are animals with jointed appendages belonging to the phylum Arthropoda - most successful animals; 75% of all animals
62
Exoskeleton ## Footnote Arthropods
hard exterior skeleton
63
Chitin ## Footnote Arthropods
tough polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods
64
Molting ## Footnote Arthropods
the process whereby an arthropod sheds its old exoskeleton and forms a new one
65
Chelicerates ## Footnote Arthropods
are arthropods that have a pair of oral appendages called chelicerae that function in feeding - include horseshoe crabs, sea spiders
66
Mandibulates ## Footnote Arthropods
are arthropods that have appendages called mandibles for chewing food - mostly crustaceans (shrimp, crab, lobster)
67
Chelicerae ## Footnote Arthropods
are appendages found in chelicerates that are modified for feeding
68
Horseshoe crabs ## Footnote Arthropods
not true crabs; chelicerates that live in shallow, coastal waters
69
Cephalothorax ## Footnote Arthropods
body region composed of a fused head and thorax
70
Abdomen ## Footnote Arthropods
body region of an animal that corresponds to its belly
71
Telson ## Footnote Arthropods
a long spike used by horseshoe crabs for steering and defense
72
Sea Spiders ## Footnote Arthropods
chelicerates found in a variety of environments; especially polar seas
73
Palps ## Footnote Arthropods
sensory structures - four pairs of walking legs - males carry the developing eggs in specialized appendages - feed on cnidarians and soft-bodied inverts
74
Mandibles ## Footnote Arthropods
are appendages found in mandibulate arthropods that are modified for feeding Some mandibulates have specialized appendages:
75
Swimmerets ## Footnote Arthropods
arthropod appendages modified for swimming
76
Chelipeds ## Footnote Arthropods
are claws
77
Arthropod Molting ## Footnote Arthropods
controlled by specific hormones produced by glands in the head - triggered by environmental conditions
78
Decapods ## Footnote Arthropods-Decapods
are arthropods that belong to the class Decapoda; 5 pairs of walking legs - most are predators or scavengers
79
Decapod reproduction ## Footnote Decapods
Sexes are usually separate Males transmit sperm packaged in a spermatophore; delivered by Copulatory pleopods
80
Copulatory pleopods ## Footnote Decapods
are the anterior two pair of abdominal appendages in male decapods which are adapted for delivering spermatophores to a female
81
Zoea ## Footnote Decapods
the planktonic larval stage of some crustaceans such as crabs and mantis shrimp
82
Nauplius ## Footnote Decapods
the planktonic larval stage of some crustaceans such as shrimp and barnacles
83
Stromatopoda ## Footnote Decapods-Stromatopoda
order Mantis Shrimp highly specialized predator - have enlarged thoracic appendages - can either spear or smash prey
84
Euphausiacea ## Footnote Decapods-Euphausiacea
Krill are shrimp-like crustaceans - filter feeders feed primarily on zooplankton - most bioluminscent; possess a Photophore
85
Photophore ## Footnote Euphausiacea
are bioluminscent organs found in krill; used as a signal to attract other krill
86
Swarms ## Footnote Euphausiacea
large masses of krill
87
Amphipods ## Footnote Decopods-Amphipods
are crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda; resemble shrimp - herbivores, detritivores, or scavengers
88
Gnathopods ## Footnote Amphipods
are special appendages, found in amphipods that are used in feeding
89
Copepods ## Footnote Arthropods-Copepods
are small planktonic crustaceans belonging to the class Copepoda - largest group of small crustaceans - most abundant marine zooplankton - exhibit daily vertical migrations
90
Barnacles ## Footnote Arthropods-Cirripedia
are sessile crustaceans belonging to the class Cirripedia:attach to hard surfaces
91
Cyprid larvae ## Footnote Cirripedia
a planktonic larval stage that develops from a nauplius larva in the life cycle of a barnacle
92
Arthropods as food ## Footnote Arthropods
crustaceans are food for humans and other marine animals; copeods & krill have huge trophic impact on food web
93
Arthropods as symbionts ## Footnote Arthropods
copepods are parasitic, shrimp are mutualistic cleaners, other copepods commensals
94
Arthropods as recyclers and foulers ## Footnote Arthropods
grass shrimp (opae) feed on detritus, barnacles primary biofoulers
95
Arrowworms ## Footnote Chaetognatha
are planktonic organisms belonging to the phylum Chaetognatha - common plankton in tropical surface waters
96
Grasping spines ## Footnote Chaetognatha
are structures on the heads of arrowworms belonging to the phylum Chaetognatha
97
Echinoderms ## Footnote Echinodermata
are animals with spiny skins belonging to the phylum Echinodermata
98
Endoskeleton ## Footnote Echinodermata
an internal skeleton
99
Ossicles ## Footnote Echinodermata
are plates of carbon that make up the echinoderm skeleton
100
Pedicellariae ## Footnote Echinodermata
are pincer-like structures found on the skin of echinoderms
101
Water vascular system ## Footnote Echinodermata
a system of tubes found in the body of echinoderms through the body and functions in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, and excretion
102
Madreporite ## Footnote Echinodermata
the site at which water enters the vascular system of echinoderms
103
Podia ## Footnote Echinodermata
tube feet
104
Ambulacral groove ## Footnote Echinodermata
the groove in which the podia are located
105
Sea Stars (class Asteroidea) ## Footnote Echinodermata-Asteroidea
Arboreal surface: the side opposite the mouth in an echinoderm Many sea stars can regenerate rays and an entire individual if part of the central disc is present
106
Arboreal surface ## Footnote Echinodermata
the side opposite the mouth in an echinoderm
107
Ophiuroids ## Footnote Echinodermata-Ophiuroidea
are echinoderms belonging to the class Ophiuroidea - greatest number of echinoderm species - brittle stars, basket stars, serpent stars - 5 arms, defined central disk
108
Automize ## Footnote Ophiuroidea
is to cast off a body part - if break is beyond the point of the disk it can be regenerated
109
Echinoids ## Footnote Echinodermata-Echinoidea
are echinoderms belonging to the class Echinoidea - Sea urchins, Heart urchins, Sand dollars
110
Regular echinoids ## Footnote Echinoidea
are echinoids with spherical bodies, commonly referred to as sea urchins
111
Irregular echinoids ## Footnote Echinoidea
are echinoids whose bodies are not spherical - heart urchins, sand dollars
112
Aristotle’s Lantern ## Footnote Echinoidea
a feeding structure formed from the five teeth of a sea urchin
113
Sea Cucumbers ## Footnote Echinodermata-Holothuroidea
class Holothuroidea
114
Respiratory tree ## Footnote Holothuroidea
is a system of tubules in a sea cucumber that functions in gas exchange
115
Oral tentacles ## Footnote Holothuroidea
are modified tube feet located around the mouth of a sea cucumber that function in feeding
116
Cuvierian tubules ## Footnote Holothuroidea
are sticky tubules ejected from the anus of some sea cucumbers that function in defense
117
Eviscerate ## Footnote Holothuroidea
to release internal organs through the anus or the mouth
118
Crinoids ## Footnote Echinodermata-Crinoidea
are echinoderms belonging to the class Crinoidea; sea lillies & feather stars
119
Cirri ## Footnote Crinoidea
are hook-like structures on feather stars used for clinging to hard substrates
120
Ecological Roles of Echinoderms ## Footnote Echinodermata
- food for humans and animals - poison produced by cucumbers & urchins
121
Roe ## Footnote Echinodermata
are an organism’s ovaries and eggs
122
Holothurin ## Footnote Holothuroidea
a toxic substance produced by sea cucumbers
123
Hemichordates (Acorn worms)
are worm-like animals belonging to the phylum Hemichordata; sessile bottom dwellers - once classified with chordates
124
Chordates (4 chordate traits)
are animals that belong to the phylum Chordata and, at some time in their life cycle, possess a notochord, pharyngeal gills slits, a postanal tail, and a dorsal, hollow nerve tube
125
Notochord
is a rod-shaped structure that forms the axial skeleton of chordates some time in their life cycle
126
Pharyngeal gill slits
are slit-like openings found in the neck of a chordate some time in its life cycle
127
Postanal tail
is a tail that extends past the digestive tract
128
Dorsal hollow nerve tube
is a neural structure found in chordates some time in their life cycle
129
Tunicates
are chordate animals belonging to the subphylum Urochordata
130
Tunic
body covering of urochordates
131
Sea squirts (class Ascidiacea)
tunicates
132
Salps (class Thaliacea)
are free-swimming urochordates that belong to class Thaliacea
133
Larvaceans (class Larvacea)
are free-swimming urochordates that belong to class Larvacea
134
Cephalochordates (subphylum Cephalochordata)
are fish-like chordates that belong to the subphyum Cephalochordata

MARE 171 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions