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Bio Psych > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

acquisition of information

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2
Q

Perception

A

interpretation of information

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3
Q

Receptor Cell

A

-specialized neuron that responds to a particular form of energy
-converts energy into a neural response

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4
Q

Adequate Stimulus

A

energy form for which the receptor is specialized

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5
Q

Law of Specific Nerve Energy

A

-the nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory info is carried
-Johannes Peter Müller

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6
Q

Adequate Stimulus for hearing is…

A

vibration in a conducting medium

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7
Q

Frequency (Hz)

A

-number or cycles or waves of alternating compression and decompression of the vibrating medium that occur in a second
- Hertz (Hz) = sounds wave per second

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8
Q

Frequency =

A

-pitch
-high pitch = more sound waves per second

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9
Q

Amplitude (V)

A

-height of the sounds waves, which dictates intensity
-Voltz (V) = wave amplitude

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10
Q

Amplitude =

A

-loudness
-def: our experience of sound energy

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11
Q

Pure Sound

A

sounds comprised of one frequently

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12
Q

Complex Sound

A

sound comprised of a mixture of frequencies

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13
Q

Pinna

A

flap of the skin and cartilage protruding from either side of the head

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14
Q

What does the pinna do?

A

it captures and amplifies sounds o auditory canal

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15
Q

What makes up the outer ear?

A

-pinna

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16
Q

What makes up the middle ear?

A

-tympanic membrane (eardrum)
-ossicles

17
Q

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

very thin membrane stretched across the end of the auditory canal

18
Q

Ossicles

A

tiny bones that operate in a lever-like fashion to transfer vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

19
Q

Ossicles are comprised of…

A

-maleus (hammer)
-incus (anvil)
-stales (stirrup)

20
Q

Inner ear is made up of …

A

cochlea

21
Q

Cochlea

A

-contains sound analyzing structures
-subdivided into 3 fluid filled chambers

22
Q

Vestibular Canal

A

point of entry of sound

23
Q

Tympanic Canal

A

-allows pressure waves to travel in cochlear fluid

24
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

-contains hair cells
-vibration passed from cochlear canal

25
Q

Hair cells

A

-receptors for auditory stimulation
- vibration bends the hair cells, opening Ca+ and K+ channels (depolarization)
- when the hair cells move back in the opposite direction, K+ channels close

26
Q

2 Sets of Hair Cells

A
  • single row of about 3,500 inner hair cells, which provides about 90-95% of auditory neurons (provide majority of auditory info)
  • three rows of 12,000 outer hair cells, which increase the cochlea’s sensitivity
27
Q

Auditory Pathway

A

auditory (8th cranial nerve) -> inferior colliculi (sound from both ears converge) -> medial geniculate nucleus (mostly opposite ear info) -> primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

28
Q

Topographical Organization

A

neurons of adjacent receptor locations in the ear (hair cells) project to adjacent cells in the cortex

29
Q

Dorsal Stream

A
  • auditory cortex -> parietal loves -> frontal lobes
  • “where” the sound is
30
Q

Ventral Stream

A

-travels from the temporal lobe to the frontal lobes
- secondary auditory areas are involved in analyzing sounds and understanding their meaning
-“what” the sound is

31
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

ability to sort out meaningful sounds embedded in confusing background of sounds

32
Q

Selective Attention

A

our brain enhances some sounds around us and suppresses others

33
Q

Auditory objects

A

a sound we identify as distinct from others

34
Q

Identify Sounds

A

-voices are identified in the superior temporal lobe
-environment sounds are identified in the posterior temporal areasa

Bio Psych (12 decks)

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