Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Psych > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Drug

A

any substance that changes the body or its functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agonists

A

mimic or enhances a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antagonist

A

may reduce release of neurotransmitter or block receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

psychoactive drug

A

those that have psychological effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

addiction is identified by…

A

-preoccupation with obtaining a drug
-compulsive use of drug in spite of adverse consequences
-a high tendency to relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

withdrawal

A

negative reaction that occurs when drug use is stopped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tolerance

A

person becomes less responsive to the drug, requiring increasing amounts of the drug to produce the same result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Opiates are derived from…

A

opium poppy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effects of opiates

A
  • analgesic (pain relief)
  • hypnotic (sleep-inducing)
  • euphoric (strong feelings of happiness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Opiates mimic…

A

endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of Opiates

A

morphine, codeine, laudanum, paregoric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

morphine

A

-used to treat pain
-discovered in 1800s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

codeine

A

-an ingredient in opium
-used as a cough suppressant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

laudanum

A

-diluted form of opium
-used to treat diarrhea and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

paregoric

A

-diluted opium
-used to quiet fretful children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Opiods

A

synthesized form of opiates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heroin (opioid)

A

-produces an immediate, intense euphoria
-most notoriously abused drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conditioned or Learned tolerance

A

a learned association develops between tolerance and the environment in which it debelops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Depressants

A

drugs that reduce nervous system activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Effects of depressants

A

-sedation
-anxiolytic (anxiety reduction)
-hypnotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of depressants

A

alcohol and barbituates and benzos

22
Q

Alcohol

A

-depresses cortical inhibition, reducing social constraints and anxiety
-withdraw can produce delirium temens

23
Q

Delirium tremens

A

hallucinations, delusions, confusion, and in extreme cases seizures and possible death

24
Q

How does alcohols affect neurotransmitters

A

-inhibites glutamate
-increases the release of GABA
- GABA opens chloride channels which hyper-polarizes the cell

25
Q

Barbituates

A

-used to treat anxiety and insomnia
-increases release of GABA

26
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

-safer for treating anxiety
-act at the benzodiazepine receptor on Gaba receptor
-reduced activity in limbic system, hippocampus, brain stem and cortex

27
Q

Stimulants

A

active the CNS to produce arousal

28
Q

Effects of stimulants

A

-increase alertness
-relieves fatigue
-decreases appetite
-elevates mood

29
Q

Types of Stimulants

A

-caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, nictoine

30
Q

Caffeine

A

blocks receptors for adenosine, increasing the amount of dopamine and acetylcholine

31
Q

Cocaine

A

-extracted from cocoa plant
-blocks dopamine and serotonin reuptake

32
Q

Amphetamines

A

-a group of synthetic drugs that produce euphoria, increase confidence, snd concentration
-increase release of norepinephrine and dopamine

33
Q

Nicotine

A

-stimulates nicotine acetylcholine receptors
-in PNS, activates muscles and may cause twitching
-in CNS, produces increased alertness and faster response to stimulation

34
Q

Psychadelixs

A

compounds that cause perceptual distortions

35
Q

Types of psychadelics

A

LSD, mushrooms, PCPs, Ecstasy (MDMA)

36
Q

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

A

-structurally similar to serotonin
-stimulates serotonin receptors

37
Q

Mushrooms

A

-contain psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin
-produce predominantly visual hallucinations

38
Q

Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

-created to be an anesthetic
-activates dopamine pathways and inhibits glutamate receptors

39
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

-psychomotor stimulant at low doses (releases dopamine)
-hallucinogenic at higher doses (released serotonin)

40
Q

Marijuana

A

-dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant
- active agent is Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

41
Q

THC

A

-binds to the endogenous cannibinoid receptors
-causes increase in dopamine

42
Q

Effects of marijuana

A

-memory
-cogniton
-IQ
-possible reductions in hippocampus and amygdala size
-impaired frontal love functioning in offspring

43
Q

Reward

A

positive effect an object or condition has on a user

44
Q

Mesolimbic Pathway

A

-VTA -> nucleus accumbens -> cortex
-incentive salience and addition

45
Q

Mesocortical Pathway

A

-VTA -> frontal lobe
-essential to normal cognitive control, motivation, and emotion

46
Q

Agonists Treatments

A

-mimic drugs effects

47
Q

Partial Agonist Treatment

A

-mimic drug more weakly
-allows for ceiling effect

48
Q

Antagonist Treatment

A

-block drug effects

49
Q

Aversive Treatment

A

-cause an unpleasant reaction when the drug is used

50
Q

Anti-drug vaccines

A

-stimulate immune system to make antibodies that degrade the drug

51
Q

SSRIs

A

-increases serotonin

52
Q

Retrograde messaging

A

-post synaptic cell releases cannabinoid which binds to the presynaptic neuron to control the release of the neurotransmitter
-THC binds to the receptor on the presynaptic neuron which releases more dopamine

Bio Psych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions