chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

dysfunction in basal ganglia, all produce involuntary movements that interfere with normal speech production

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2
Q

hyperkinetic means

A

too much movement

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3
Q

neurologic basis of hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

many disorders that cause hyperkinetic dysarthria associated with damage to basal ganglia

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4
Q

what causes hyperkinetic movement

A

basal ganglia not well understood, complex mechanism within basal ganglia not well understood

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5
Q

causes of hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

chorea, myoclonus, tics, essential tremor, dystonia, degenerative diseases, TBI, stroke, and infections

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6
Q

chorea

A

movement disorder distingushed by random involuntary movements of limbs, trunk, head, and neck

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7
Q

choreatic motions

A

appear fancelike, smooth and coordinated, but actually unpredictable, purposeless, and sometimes herky or abrupt

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8
Q

sydenham’s chorea

A

rare disorder affecting children after rheumatic fever

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9
Q

huntington’s disease

A

progressive inherited disorder

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10
Q

stroke

A

rare for stroke to cause chorea

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11
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

caused by taking certain antipsychotics for a prolonged duration

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12
Q

speech characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria of chorea

A

degree of chorea influences how severely speech is affected

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13
Q

distinctive errors of hypokinetic dysarthria of chorea

A

variable in speech rate, inappropriate silences, excess loudness variations, prolonged phonemes, rapid, brief inhaltions or exhalations of air voice stoppages,

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14
Q

myoclonus

A

hyperkinetic movement disorder distingushed by involuntary and brief contractions of part, whole, or group of muscles in same area: muscle contractions may appear singly, in repeating irregular pattern, or rhythmically

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15
Q

tic disorders

A

tics - rapid movement that can be controlled voluntarily for a time, but performed frequently due to compulsive desire; cause traced to mild brain damage or toxic reactions to medications in some cases, but no identifiable CNS disorder in most cases

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16
Q

essential tremor

A

benign hyperkinetic movement disorder that causes tremulous movements in affected body parts, idiopathic, most common hyperkinetic movement disorder

17
Q

dystonia

A

hyperkinetic movement disorder of muscle tone; causes involuntary, prolonged muscle contractions that interfere with normal movement or posture; slower, more sustained quality than seen in chorea, with contractions that wax and wane during ongoing movement

18
Q

disorders that have dystonia as a characteristic

A

spasmodic torticollis, drug-induced dystonia, meige syndrome, spasmodic dysphonia

19
Q

speech characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria of dystonia

A

-articulation: imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, irregular articulatory breakdowns, prolonged phonemes
-prosody: monopitch, monoloudness, inappropriate silences, shortened phrases
-phonation: harsh vocal quality, strained-strangled quality, excess loudness variation
-respiration and resonance - less impacted

20
Q

key evaluation tasks for hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

vowel prolongation, AMRs, conversational speech and reading, careful observation of associated involuntary movements

21
Q

treatment of hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

diverse treatment options, based on medical or behavioral interventions

22
Q

medical treatments

A

-pharmacologic: drugs that suppress involuntary movements that cause speech deficits
-botox: most successful
-deep brain stimulation

23
Q

behavioral treatment for huntington’s disease

A

early stages: maintain normal prosody and optimal rate
middle: rate of speech, rhythmic breathing and relaxation, speaking on exhalation
progressive dementia: work closely with caregivers

24
Q

behavioral treatment for dystonia

A

sensory tricks: idiosyncratic strategies that can supress involuntary movement for a time
bite blocks: to stablilize jaw during speech
easy onset of phonation

25
behavioral treatment for tic disorders
behavioral treatments have been effective in some cases, habit reversal training, relaxation therapy may be helpful when combined with other treatment procedures, exposure response prevention, comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics