Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

motor speech > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is caused by impairments of lower motor neurons in cranial or spinal nerves

A

flaccid dysarthria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

flaccid dysarthria is characterized by

A

slow-labored articulation, marked degrees of hypernasal resonance, hoarse breathy phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

side effects of flaccid dysarthria

A

paralysis, weakness, hypotonicity, atrophy, hypoactive reflexes of involved speech subsystem musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cranial nerves of speech production

A

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

damage to the cranial nerves can be caused by

A

brainstem stroke, growing tumor, viral or bacterial infections, physical trauma, or surgical accidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

trigeminal nerve (V)(5)

A

attached to brainstem at level of pons, divided into 3 branches; bilateral intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 branches of trigeminal nerve

A

opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

branch of the trigeminal nerve most important for speeech and innervating muscles in lower jaw and velum

A

mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

damage to trigeminal nerve can

A

unilateral or bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

facial nerve (VII)(7)

A

branches out from brainstem just below trigeminal nerve, dividing into cervicofacial and temporofacial branch; mixed bilateral and contralateral innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

damage to facial nerve

A

can cause weakness or paralysis in all muscles on same side of face, resulting in drooping of the eyelid, mouth, cheek, and other structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)(9)

A

orginates in brainstem at medulla, coursing out to pharynx; innervates stylopharyngeus and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles; damage also affects vagus nerve; bilateral innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nerve that plays role in speech resonance and phonation by shaping pharynx into appropriate positions needed to produce various phonemes correctly

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vagus nerve (X)(10)

A

one of the most important cranial nerves for speech production; bilateral innvervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

three branches of vagus nerve

A

pharyngeal, external superior laryngeal branch, recurrent nerve branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pharyngeal branch

A

damage can affect movement of velum, resonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

external superior laryngeal nerve branch

A

damage can affect pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

recurrent nerve branch

A

damage of branch causes breathy phonation; innervates all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

accessory nerve (XI)(11)

A

spinal part; originates in medulla just below vagus nerve; works in conjunction with vagus nerve helping innervate intrinsic muscles of velum, pharynx, and larynx; contralateral innvervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hypoglossal nerve (XII)(12)

A

provides motor innervation for all intrinsic and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue; primarily bilateral innvervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

primary characteristic of hypoglossal nerve damage

A

imprecise articulation, phoneme distortion, or slow lingual movements; weakness of tongue or paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

injury to phrenic nerve

A

paralyzed diaphragm, decreases loudness; shortened, breathy, or strained vocal quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lesions can occur in

A

cranial nuclei, nerves themselves, or neuromuscular junction, or muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

physical trauma

A

surgical trauma with accidental cut of cranial nerve or head and neck injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
brainstem stroke
cerebrovascular accident (CVA); occurs with interruption of blood flow to brain as artery breaks or is blocked
26
mysasthenia gravis cause
affects neuromuscular junction, caused by antibodies that block/damage muscle tissue
27
temporary treatment for myasthenia gravis
injection of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon)
28
symptoms of mysathenia gravis
rapid fatigue of muscular contractions over short time, with recovery after rest; hypernasality, decreased loudness, breathy voice quality, decreased articulatory precision
29
assessment of mysathenia gravis
stress test involving asking patient to count from 1 to 100 or to read lengthy paragraph
30
guillain-barre syndroe
results in demyelinzation; frequently occurs after certain kinds of infections and immunizations
31
symptoms of guillain-barre syndrome
flaccid dysarthria, dysphagia
32
recovery for guillain-barre syndrome
high recovery rate, lasting weeks or months, 5% die in acute stages
33
polio
an infection viral disease that attacks cell bodies of LMN; most frequently affects cervical and thoracic spinal nerves causing: labored inhalation during speech, shortened speech phrases, speaking on residual air, decreased loudness
34
muscular dystrophy
causes progressive degeneration of muscle tissue, can result in muscles weakness in many muscles served by cranial nerves
35
progressive bulbar palsy
can affect both UMN and LMN, although often only present in LMN, with LMN damage causes flaccid dysarthria; UMN and LMN causes mixed dysarthria
36
reduced maximum phonation time
females typically 15-20 sec & males typically 20-25 sec
37
resonance
reflects bilateral damage to pharyngeal branch of vagus innervates most muscles of the velum
38
errors of resonance
hypernasality, nasal emission, weak pressure consonant, shortned phrases
39
nasal emission
weak velopharyngeal closure
40
weak pressure consonant
decreased intraoral air pressure
41
shortened phrases
wasted air that escaped through nasal cavity during speech
42
articulation
imprecise consonant production: severity varies, damage to facial and hypoglossal nerves
43
damage to trigeminal nerve (articulation)
difficulty elevating jaw sufficently to bring articulators into contact with each other
44
phonation
phonatory incompetence: incomplete adduction of VFs during phonation
45
phonation caused by damage to recurrent banch of vagus nerve
breathy voice quality or whisper, weak or paralyzed adductor or abductor muscles
46
strong confirmation of flaccid dysarthria in relation to phonation
combined Prescence of hypernasality and phonatory incompetence
47
respiration
weakened respiration may or may not be a component of flaccid dysarthria; decreased inhalation or impaired control of exhalation during speech with damage to cervical and thoracic spinal nerves responsible for innervating diaphragm and intercostal muscles
48
symptoms of respiration
reduced loudness, shortened phrase length, strained vocal quality if speaking on residual air to prolong phrase length, minikoudness, monopitch; infrequent inhalation when speaking
49
prosody
weakened laryngeal muscles that are unable to make many fine VF adjustments necessary for normal pitch and loudness variations
50
symptoms of prosody
monopitch and monoloudness; NOT a diagnostic marker for flaccid dysarthria
51
key evaluation tasks for flaccid dysarthrias
- conversational speech and reading, AMR tasks, prolonged vowel, speech stress test
52
conversational speech and reading
can evoke errors of resonance, artic., respiration, and prosody
53
AMR task
will highlight a slowed rate of phoneme production
54
prolonged vowel
helpful in eliciting breathy voice quality heard in phonatory incompetence; also useful for observing respiratory weakness
55
speech stress test
necessary in suspected cases of mysathenia gravis
56
treatment of motor speech disorders
-use assessment data to identify deficits -begin working with patients using appropriate treatment goals -increase complexity of tasks as patients improve -work toward generalization of improvements
57
Rosenbeck 6 reccomendations
- help patients recgonize differences in their speech - help patients have a willingness to change their speech for the better - work closely with patients when setting goals of treatment - increasingly insist that patients are talking therapeutically in their sessions, eventually even while engaged in small talk - ensure patients are learning to listening, evaluate, and self-correct their speech - be sure to progressively add cogntive-lingustic load to treatment tasks to ensure patients are working toward generalization
58
damage to trigeminal nerve unilateral
negligible effect on speech production
59
damage to trigeminal nerve bilateral
rare; can leave jaw muscles very weak or in severe cases, cause inability to close jaw; may need jaw sling to compensate
60
damage to vagus nerve
affects glossopharyngeal and accessory cranial nerves, close proximity to each other
61
treatment for resonance vagus
velar strength-training procedure' modification of speech; reduce rate; more open-position mouth during speech; increase loudness
62
treatment for phonation vagus
pushing and pulling procedures, holding breath, hard glottal attack, head turning and sideways pressure on the larynx
63
treatment for prosodic deficits vagus
pitch range exercises, intonantion profiles, contrastive stress drills, chunking utterances into syntactic units
64
damage to facial and hypoglossal nerves
affects speech production primarily by decreasing lip strength and range of movement; traditional artic. drills recommended
65
treatment for respiratory weakness
correct posture, compensatory prosthetic devices, speaking immediately on exhalation, cueing for complete inhalation

motor speech (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions