chapter 6

Question 1

unilateral UMN dysarthria

Answer 1

motor speech disorder caused by damage to UMNs on one side of brain that supply cranial and spinal nerves involved in speech production

Question 2

unilateral umn dysarthria characterized by

Answer 2

weakness in lower face, lips, and tongue on opposite side of lesion, resulting in deficits specfically imprecise consonants

Question 3

neurologic basis of unilateral umns

Answer 3

most cranial nerves serving speech muscles (except lower face and tongue) receive bilateral innvervation from umns

Question 4

severe cases of unilateral damage

Answer 4

lower face and tongue may be paralyzed on affected side

Question 5

speech deficits after unilateral umn damage usually….

Answer 5

less severe than with bilateral damage

Question 6

unilateral umn damage appears to affect function of bilaterally innervated structures

Answer 6

yes, velum, pharynx, and larynx are bilaterally innervated but they should be okay for the most part since they have another point of innervation

Question 7

causes of unilateral umn

Answer 7

any condition that damages umns on one side of brain after damage to either left or right hemisphere; pathologies causing focal lesions are most common cause

Question 8

stroke

Answer 8

most frequent cause of unilateral umn dysarthria; can occur almost anywhere in he brain that contains UMNs

Question 9

strokes involving frontal lobe

Answer 9

are leading cause of unilateral umn dysarthria

Question 10

tumors

Answer 10

not common; brain tumor can cause focal, unilateral UMN damage resulting in this dysarthria

Question 11

TBI

Answer 11

not common; possible to have head injury with lesion restricted primarily to one side of brain; damage affects motor neurons unilaterally as cortical, subcortical, or brainstem level

Question 12

speech characteristics unilateral umn

Answer 12

results in mild or moderate speech production errors; co-occurs with other disorders; co-occuring speech and language disorders may difficult to clearly diagnose this dysarthria

Question 13

articulation unilateral umn

Answer 13

affects tongue and lower face much more than any other speech structure

Question 14

causes of articulation deficits due to

Answer 14

weakness, reduce range of motion, decreased fine motor control of tongue

Question 15

primary difficulty articulation unilateral umn

Answer 15

impercise consonant production

Question 16

other artic. difficulties unilateral umn

Answer 16

irregular artic. breakdowns, slower AMRs, irregular AMRs

Question 17

phonation uumn

Answer 17

mild to moderate harsh vocal quality due to mild vocal fold weakness or spasticity, previous unknown lesion present with new, dysphonia, general medical condition

Question 18

resonance uumn

Answer 18

hypernasality; unilateral umn damage may cause mild muscular weakness in velum

Question 19

prosody and respiration uumn

Answer 19

rarely impaired in this dysarthria; when prosody is affected most likely cause is slightly slow rate of speech

Question 20

key evaluation tasks uumn

Answer 20

medical records, conversational speech or reading paragraph, AMR tasks, prolonged vowel

Question 21

treatment uumn

Answer 21

intelligibility drills, phonetic placement, exaggerating consonants, minimal contrast drills