chapter 11 Flashcards
apraxia of speech
disorder of motor timing and sequencing; NOT caused by muscle weakness, abnormal muscle tone, reduced range of movement, and decreased muscle steadiness
ideational apraxia
uncommon; disturbance in conception of object or gesture
ideomotor apraxia
disturbance in performance of movements needed to use object, makes gestures, sequence movements
-typically affects voluntary movements
-subcategories: limb apraxia, nonverbal oral apraxia, apraxia of speech
motor speech programmer
neural network in brain that sequences motor movements needed to produce speech
-first analyzes linguistic, motor, sensory, and emotional information
-near perisylvian area of left hemisphere
causes of apraxia of speech
disorders that damage motor speech programmer caused by:
-stroje
-degenerative diseases
-trauma
-tumor
speech characteristics
-primarily artic. & prosody
-slow, labored, halting speech
-groping
errors of articulation
most common
errors of prosody
frequently abnormal
errors of respiration
may have difficulty taking deep breaths on command
errors of resonance and phonation
seldom issues
assessment of AOS
-SMRs
-conversational speech and reading aloud
-repeating words of increasing length
-reading or repeating low-frequency, multisyllabic words in isolation or sentences
differential diagnosis of AOS
diagnosis only when determined significant # of patient’s speech errors match those known to AOS
4 categories to determine correct diagnosis:
-primary cliniical characteristics
-nondiscriminative clinical characteristics
-behaviors usually found in disorders other than AOS
-behaviors that rule out presence of AOS
rule out other conditions that cause movement difficulties similar to those seen in apraxia
-muscle weakness
-sensory loss
-comprehension deficit
-incoordination
differentiaing apraxia and dysarthria
-errors of dysarthria are fairly constant, speech errors in apraxia increase as word length and complexity increase
-muscle quality impaired in nearly all dysarthrias
