Chapter 9 Flashcards
Acids
substance that donates hydrogen ions
Amphoteric
able to function as either acid or base
Anion Gap
calculation of the major measured cations and anions in the plasma; provides an indication of electrolyte and acid–base balance
Bartter Syndrome
a type of metabolic alkalosis caused by salt-losing tubulopathy with secondary hyperaldosteronism
Bases
substance that accepts hydrogen ions; substance with a pH above 7.0
Buffer Systems
mixing of acid and base to resist pH change; system for trading stronger acids and bases for weaker varieties to achieve acid–base balance
Gitelman Syndrome
a type of metabolic alkalosis also known as familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia and hypomagnesemia-hypokalemia with hypercalciuria
Hepatic Steatosis
fatty liver
Hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV
Hyperlactatemia
elevated blood lactic acid level
Lactic Acidosis
pH less than 7.35 because of lactic acid elevation in the blood
Lactic Acidosis Syndrome
life-threatening form of lactic acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
alteration in acid–base balance characterized by decreased levels of HCO3−, resulting in an increase in pH
Metabolic Alkalosis
alteration in acid–base balance characterized by increased levels of HCO3− resulting in a decrease of pH
Nonvolatile
circulating fixed acid that is unable to be excreted by the lungs; requires buffering and excretion by the kidneys
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
a class of HAART drugs, that have improved morbidity and mortality
Parenteral Nutrition
supplemental nutrition administered intravenously
pH
measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in moles per liter expressed on a logarithmic scale; the number expresses the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Plasma Buffer System
reacts within seconds in response to hydrogen ion concentration
Renal Buffer System
reacts within hours to days through the production, absorption, and excretion of acids, bases, and ions
