Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology Term #1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acromegaly

A

condition of hyperplasia prompted by excessive growth hormone stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Active Transport

A

requires energy when transporting particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adenoid Hypertrophy

A

enlargement of lymphoepithelial adenoid tissue in the back of the nasal area and can result in obstruction of the nasal passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adjuvant Therapy

A

applied after the initial treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction between oxygen and nutrient products such as glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

process of ATP production that occurs without oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antiport

A

Movement of substances in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Somatostatin

A

Antigrowth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atrophy

A

decrease in individual cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Binding Affinity

A

tightness, or strength of binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A

condition in which stressors prompt cellular alterations that lead to chronic, irreversible tissue changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiac Hypertrophy

A

disease of cardiac muscle that results from excessive workload and functional demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebral Atrophy

A

reduction in size of the cells in the cerebrum of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cervical Os

A

is the opening at the center of the exocervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cervix

A

anatomical region at the lower end of the uterus that dips into the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA, histone and nonhistone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chromosomes

A

individual’s genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

A

breaks down sugars, fats, and proteins to produce products used for energy production in the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Colposcopy

A

visualization of the cervix using a speculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Columnar Epithelium

A

Column tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Compliance

A

stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cotransport

A

substances are transported in the same direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Countertransport

A

Movement of substances in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cytoplasm

A

everything inside the plasma membrane except the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • Cytoskeleton
A

o a framework made up of proteins organized into filaments and tubules, which contribute to cell shape, movement, and intracellular transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  • Cytosol
A

o is the fluid within the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • Deficit Injury
A

o the cell is deprived of oxygenation, hydration, and nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
A

o heredity material carrying the cell’s genetic instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  • Differentiation
A

o changes in physical and functional properties of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  • Diffusion
A

o movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • Dysplasia
A

o actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement, and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • Ectocervix
A

o portion of the cervix projecting into the vagina,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • Electrochemical gradient
A

o moves particles against the concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • Endocervix
A

o the area opening into the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • Endocrine Signaling
A

o A wider range of impact occurs when signal transduction affects cell behavior within the entire organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • Endocytosis
A

o rocess used to transport large substances into cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q
  • Endogenous
A

o from within the body system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
A

o Rough (protein) and smooth (lipids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
  • Exocervix
A

o portion of the cervix projecting into the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q
  • Exocytosis
A

o empty their contents into the extracellular environment

43
Q
  • Exogenous
A

o from the external environment

44
Q
  • External Os
A

o opening at the center of the exocervix

45
Q
  • Facilitated Diffusion
A

o aided by the use of transport proteins

46
Q
  • Familial Cardiac Hypertrophy
A

o Inherited cardiac hypertrophy

47
Q
  • Feedback Mechanisms
A

o regulate gene activation to tightly control protein production and to prevent cell damage caused by overproduction or underproduction

48
Q
  • Free Radical Injury
A

o Cellular damage resulting from ROS

49
Q
  • Genes
A

o individual units of inheritance

50
Q
  • Gigantism
A

o excessive growth due to excessive production of growth hormone

51
Q
  • Glycoplipids
A

o carbohydrate bound to lipid

52
Q
  • Glycolysis
A

o process of breaking down glucose in the cytosol of the cell

53
Q
  • Golgi Apparatus
A

o Prepares substances produced by the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion out of the cell

54
Q
  • Hormones
A

o ligands involved in endocrine signaling

55
Q
  • Human Papillomavirus
A

o is implicated as a common factor in the development of cervical dysplasia. HPV enters the host cell and can be integrated into its genome. The changes in the DNA are translated into unregulated cellular reproduction and can potentially result in cancer, although not all strains of the virus are considered to be oncogenic (cancer causing).

56
Q
  • Hydrophilic
A

o Likes water

57
Q
  • Hydrophobic
A

o Scared of water

58
Q
  • Hyperplasia
A

o increase in cell number

59
Q
  • Hypertrophy
A

o increase in cell size

60
Q
  • Insidious
A

o gradual, but with harmful effects

61
Q
  • Integral Proteins
A

o a specific type of transmembrane protein that, because of the tight binding to lipid tails, becomes part of the membrane itself

62
Q
  • Involution
A

o shrinkage, of tissues and organs

63
Q
  • Ischemia
A

o decreased oxygen supply to the cell

64
Q
  • Ligands
A

o Signaling molecules

65
Q
  • Lysosome
A

o Digests cellular debris with hydrolytic enzymes

66
Q
  • Mainstream Smoke
A

o Firsthand smoking

67
Q
  • Mechanical Injury
A

o caused by impact of a body part causing direct injury

68
Q
  • Membrane Pore
A

o membrane passage between the extracellular and intracellular environment

69
Q
  • Membrane Potential
A

o electrical charge inside a plasma membrane in relation to the surrounding extracellular fluid

70
Q
  • Metaplasia
A

o changing of one cell type to another

71
Q
  • Mitrochondrion
A

atp

72
Q
  • Mutations
A

o changes in the genetic material that makes up the chromosomes

73
Q
  • Necrosis
A

o death of cells related to cell injury

74
Q
  • Organelles
A

o tiny structures within the cytoplasm that have distinct functions essential to cellular survival

75
Q
  • Osmosis
A

o water passively moves across the semipermeable plasma membrane

76
Q
  • Osmotic Pressure
A

o pressure generated by osmosis

77
Q
  • Papanicolaou Smear
A

o cervical screening

78
Q
  • Paracrine Signaling
A

o A ligand binding to receptors that result in signal transduction with a local, rapid effect

79
Q
  • Peripheral Proteins
A

o do not pass through the entire membrane, projecting into either the intracellular or the extracellular environment.

80
Q
  • Peroxisome
A

o Contains enzymes called oxidases that neutralize free radicals (unstable molecules with unpaired electrons)

81
Q
  • Phagocytes
A

o ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria, and damaged cellular components

82
Q
  • Phagocytosis
A

o process of ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria, and damaged cellular components by cells

83
Q
  • Phagosome
A

o The phagocyte containing the solid particle

84
Q
  • Phospholipids
A

o Head and tail

85
Q
  • Pinocytosis
A

o ATP-requiring process of ingesting contents of small liquid-containing vesicles

86
Q
  • Plasma Cell Membrane
A

o barrier

87
Q
  • Primary Active Transport
A

o requires the direct use of energy in the form of ATP

88
Q
  • Proliferation
A

o increase in cell number

89
Q
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
A

o toxic oxygen molecules or radicals that are formed by the reaction between oxygen (O2) and water (H2O) during mitochondrial respiration

90
Q
  • Receptor
A

o Allow target cells to communicate

91
Q
  • Ribonucleic Acid
A

o RNA

92
Q
  • Secondary Active Transport
A

o When movement of a second substance depends on energy derived from the active transport of the primary substance

93
Q
  • Secretion
A

o extracellular release of products

94
Q
  • Sidestream Smoke
A

o Secondhand smoking

95
Q
  • Signal Transduction
A

o When a ligand binds to a receptor, the target cell begins the process of communication

96
Q
  • Spinal Muscular Atrophy
A

o results from disuse caused by impaired neural innervation to muscle tissue. Signals to muscle cells are decreased because of motor neuron loss within the brain or spinal cord. The decreased stimulation of muscle cells because of neural signaling loss causes atrophy, resulting in weakness of voluntary muscles. The loss of function associated with the atrophic cell and tissue changes highlights many conditions characterized by atrophy.

97
Q
  • Squamocolumnar Junction
A

o location where these two epithelial cells merge

98
Q
  • Squamous Epithelium
A

o Square tissue

99
Q
  • Symport
A

o substances are transported in the same direction

100
Q
  • Syncope
A

o fainting

101
Q
  • Syndactyly
A

o the fusion or incomplete separation of digit soft tissue.

102
Q
  • Thermal Injury
A

o caused by temperature

103
Q
  • Transformation Zone
A

o area comprising the merging of these cell types

104
Q
  • Transmembrane Proteins
A

o Proteins that pass through the entire membrane

Pathophysiology Term #1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions