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Pathophysiology Term #1 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic

A

bacteria requiring oxygen for growth

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2
Q

Anaerobic

A

bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth

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3
Q

Antigenic Variability

A

Eluding human host defense and often result of altering the antigen present within or on the surface of the microorganisms

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4
Q

Antigenicity

A

level to which pathogen is viewed by the host immune system as foreign

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5
Q

Autoclave

A

device that steams at high pressure to sterilize

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6
Q

Bacteremia

A

septicemia caused by bacteria

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7
Q

Bacteria

A

single cell microorganism, prokaryote

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8
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

positive = patient protecting irritated meninges by involuntary flexing the hip

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9
Q

Capsule

A

glycocalyx covering that is firmly attached

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10
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

center of granuloma develops a pasty, yellow, or cheese-like appearance

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11
Q

Cavitations

A

area of necrosis that erode surrounding structures of the lungs, including bronchioles, bronchi, and surrounding blood vessels

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12
Q

Cell Wall

A

bacterial rigid, outer structure used for protection and shape

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13
Q

Chronic Infection

A

infection for several weeks to years

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14
Q

Cirrhosis

A

end stage liver disease marked by interference of blood flow to liver and widespread hepatocyte damage

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15
Q

Coinfection

A

simultaneous occurrence of hosting two or more pathogens

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16
Q

Communicable Disease

A

infections spread from person to person

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17
Q

Convalescence

A

phase extends from waning clinical manifestation to full recovery from disease

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18
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by nerves

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19
Q

Dermatophyte Infections

A

fungal infection of skin, hair, or nails

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20
Q

Directly Observed Therapy

A

patient must be observed taking medications at each administration by the health professional or designated personnel

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21
Q

Dysuria

A

pain with urination

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22
Q

Endospores

A

bacteria structure that is very tough and resistant, allowing them to survive in latent state with harsh environmental conditions and a lack of nutrients

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23
Q

Endotoxin

A

complex phospholipid-polysaccharide molecule, that forms the structural component of gram negative cell wall

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24
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

formation of new red blood cells

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25
Q

Exotoxins

A

toxins released into surrounding tissue that cause local or systemic injury to host

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26
Q

Facultative Parasites

A

may have a host but can survive independently

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27
Q

Frequency

A

in urination it is the need to urinate often

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28
Q

Fulminant Hepatitis

A

severe infection causing hepatic failure from severe acute hepatitis

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29
Q

Ghon Complex

A

Ghon focus and additional granulomas that develop through the lymph channels

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30
Q

Ghon Focus

A

formation of a granuloma, or walled off area of bacteria

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31
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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32
Q

Hemoptysis

A

bloody sputum

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33
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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34
Q

Hepatocytes

A

functional cells of the liver that are capable of regeneration

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35
Q

Host

A

the residence of a pathogen

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36
Q

Hyphae

A

mold colonies that have tubules that branch

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37
Q

Icterus

A

liver disease marked by jaundice

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38
Q

Infection

A

state of cellular, tissue, or organ destruction resulting from invasion by microorganisms

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39
Q

Infectivity

A

proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an individual based on pathogen’s ability to enter, survive, and multiply

40
Q

Jaundice

A

bilirubin accumulation, yellowing of skin and sclera

41
Q

Kernig Sign

A

test for meningeal pain; positive = if moving the leg upward stretches the irritated meninges and elicits pain

42
Q

Kupffer Cells

A

stellate macrophages; only found in the liver

43
Q

Latency

A

dormant

44
Q

Maceration

A

softening and breaking down of the tissue, often related to moisture

45
Q

Malaria

A

potentially life threatening disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa via mosquitoes

46
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

47
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

mechanism of transference from reservoir to portal of entry: direct, droplet, airborne, vector

48
Q

Molds

A

multicellular yeast

49
Q

Mycelium

A

clusters of hyphae

50
Q

Mycoses

A

fungal infection

51
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

hyperextended stiff neck

52
Q

Nucleoid

A

no nuclear membrane, but nucleus like area within bacteria cell wall

53
Q

Obligate Parasites

A

requires host for metabolism and reproduction

54
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens

A

only cause disease in host with compromised immune system

55
Q

Oral Candidiasis

A

lesions are white and resemble cottage cheese attached to the erythematous oral cavity

56
Q

Pathogen

A

disease causing microbe

57
Q

Pathogenic Defense Mechanisms

A

pathogen’s method to avoid destruction

58
Q

Pathogenicity

A

qualities that promote production of disease

59
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

polysaccharide, cell wall make up

60
Q

Photophobia

A

light sensitivity

61
Q

Portal Circulation

A

blood bypass in the liver via the portal vein before vena cava and heart

62
Q

Portal of Entry

A

access point of microorganism

63
Q

Portal of Exit

A

passage by which microorganisms leave host

64
Q

Prodrome

A

onset, vague symptoms

65
Q

Protozoa

A

unicellular, complex microorganisms

66
Q

Pruritus

A

itching`

67
Q

Pseudohyphae

A

yeast producing a large chain

68
Q

Purulent

A

exudate with pus

69
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

infection and resulting inflammation of renal parenchyma resulting in scarring

70
Q

Pyogenic Bacteria

A

endotoxin bacteria inducing a fever

71
Q

Pyuria

A

pus in urine

72
Q

Reassortment

A

changing of genetic composition during replication in host cells

73
Q

Reservoir

A

holding tank for microorganisms

74
Q

Resident Flora

A

microorganisms live on or within the body in non sterile

75
Q

Septic Shock

A

systemic vasodilation, gram negative bacteria, endotoxin; leads to poor perfusion of vital organs

76
Q

Septicemia

A

microorganisms gain access to blood and circulate

77
Q

Slime Layer

A

looser water soluble glycocalyx

78
Q

Superinfection

A

infection arising in addition to one already present

79
Q

Tinea

A

group of fungal skin, occurring in various locations

80
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

fungal infection of the scalp

81
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

fungal infection on the body

82
Q

Tinea Cruris

A

fungal infection of the groin

83
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

fungal infection of the foot

84
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

fungal infection of the nails

85
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

fungal infection on the body

86
Q

Toxigenicity

A

ability for pathogen to produce harmful toxins to host

87
Q

Universal Precautions

A

standard of healthcare, that recognizes all body and fluid potentially infective

88
Q

Urgency

A

urinary, immediate need

89
Q

Urinary Tract Infections

A

infection of the urinary tract from urethral meatus to the bladder

90
Q

Vector

A

vehicle that harbors pathogen

91
Q

Virions

A

virus particles outside of cell

92
Q

Virulence

A

potency of the pathogen by ratio of population diseased and population exposed

93
Q

Viruses

A

acellular, obligate intracellular parasite

94
Q

Wood Lamp Examination

A

UV light over site of infection and noting yellow-green fluorescence, mainly used for tinea capitis

95
Q

Yeasts

A

unicellular fungi

Pathophysiology Term #1 (9 decks)

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