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Pathophysiology Term #1 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic

A

bacteria requiring oxygen for growth

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2
Q

Anaerobic

A

bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth

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3
Q

Antigenic Variability

A

Eluding human host defense and often result of altering the antigen present within or on the surface of the microorganisms

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4
Q

Antigenicity

A

level to which pathogen is viewed by the host immune system as foreign

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5
Q

Autoclave

A

device that steams at high pressure to sterilize

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6
Q

Bacteremia

A

septicemia caused by bacteria

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7
Q

Bacteria

A

single cell microorganism, prokaryote

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8
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

positive = patient protecting irritated meninges by involuntary flexing the hip

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9
Q

Capsule

A

glycocalyx covering that is firmly attached

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10
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

center of granuloma develops a pasty, yellow, or cheese-like appearance

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11
Q

Cavitations

A

area of necrosis that erode surrounding structures of the lungs, including bronchioles, bronchi, and surrounding blood vessels

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12
Q

Cell Wall

A

bacterial rigid, outer structure used for protection and shape

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13
Q

Chronic Infection

A

infection for several weeks to years

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14
Q

Cirrhosis

A

end stage liver disease marked by interference of blood flow to liver and widespread hepatocyte damage

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15
Q

Coinfection

A

simultaneous occurrence of hosting two or more pathogens

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16
Q

Communicable Disease

A

infections spread from person to person

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17
Q

Convalescence

A

phase extends from waning clinical manifestation to full recovery from disease

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18
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by nerves

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19
Q

Dermatophyte Infections

A

fungal infection of skin, hair, or nails

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20
Q

Directly Observed Therapy

A

patient must be observed taking medications at each administration by the health professional or designated personnel

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21
Q

Dysuria

A

pain with urination

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22
Q

Endospores

A

bacteria structure that is very tough and resistant, allowing them to survive in latent state with harsh environmental conditions and a lack of nutrients

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23
Q

Endotoxin

A

complex phospholipid-polysaccharide molecule, that forms the structural component of gram negative cell wall

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24
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

formation of new red blood cells

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25
Exotoxins
toxins released into surrounding tissue that cause local or systemic injury to host
26
Facultative Parasites
may have a host but can survive independently
27
Frequency
in urination it is the need to urinate often
28
Fulminant Hepatitis
severe infection causing hepatic failure from severe acute hepatitis
29
Ghon Complex
Ghon focus and additional granulomas that develop through the lymph channels
30
Ghon Focus
formation of a granuloma, or walled off area of bacteria
31
Hematuria
blood in the urine
32
Hemoptysis
bloody sputum
33
Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
34
Hepatocytes
functional cells of the liver that are capable of regeneration
35
Host
the residence of a pathogen
36
Hyphae
mold colonies that have tubules that branch
37
Icterus
liver disease marked by jaundice
38
Infection
state of cellular, tissue, or organ destruction resulting from invasion by microorganisms
39
Infectivity
proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an individual based on pathogen’s ability to enter, survive, and multiply
40
Jaundice
bilirubin accumulation, yellowing of skin and sclera
41
Kernig Sign
test for meningeal pain; positive = if moving the leg upward stretches the irritated meninges and elicits pain
42
Kupffer Cells
stellate macrophages; only found in the liver
43
Latency
dormant
44
Maceration
softening and breaking down of the tissue, often related to moisture
45
Malaria
potentially life threatening disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa via mosquitoes
46
Meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
47
Mode of Transmission
mechanism of transference from reservoir to portal of entry: direct, droplet, airborne, vector
48
Molds
multicellular yeast
49
Mycelium
clusters of hyphae
50
Mycoses
fungal infection
51
Nuchal Rigidity
hyperextended stiff neck
52
Nucleoid
no nuclear membrane, but nucleus like area within bacteria cell wall
53
Obligate Parasites
requires host for metabolism and reproduction
54
Opportunistic Pathogens
only cause disease in host with compromised immune system
55
Oral Candidiasis
lesions are white and resemble cottage cheese attached to the erythematous oral cavity
56
Pathogen
disease causing microbe
57
Pathogenic Defense Mechanisms
pathogen’s method to avoid destruction
58
Pathogenicity
qualities that promote production of disease
59
Peptidoglycan
polysaccharide, cell wall make up
60
Photophobia
light sensitivity
61
Portal Circulation
blood bypass in the liver via the portal vein before vena cava and heart
62
Portal of Entry
access point of microorganism
63
Portal of Exit
passage by which microorganisms leave host
64
Prodrome
onset, vague symptoms
65
Protozoa
unicellular, complex microorganisms
66
Pruritus
itching`
67
Pseudohyphae
yeast producing a large chain
68
Purulent
exudate with pus
69
Pyelonephritis
infection and resulting inflammation of renal parenchyma resulting in scarring
70
Pyogenic Bacteria
endotoxin bacteria inducing a fever
71
Pyuria
pus in urine
72
Reassortment
changing of genetic composition during replication in host cells
73
Reservoir
holding tank for microorganisms
74
Resident Flora
microorganisms live on or within the body in non sterile
75
Septic Shock
systemic vasodilation, gram negative bacteria, endotoxin; leads to poor perfusion of vital organs
76
Septicemia
microorganisms gain access to blood and circulate
77
Slime Layer
looser water soluble glycocalyx
78
Superinfection
infection arising in addition to one already present
79
Tinea
group of fungal skin, occurring in various locations
80
Tinea Capitis
fungal infection of the scalp
81
Tinea Corporis
fungal infection on the body
82
Tinea Cruris
fungal infection of the groin
83
Tinea Pedis
fungal infection of the foot
84
Tinea Unguium
fungal infection of the nails
85
Tinea Versicolor
fungal infection on the body
86
Toxigenicity
ability for pathogen to produce harmful toxins to host
87
Universal Precautions
standard of healthcare, that recognizes all body and fluid potentially infective
88
Urgency
urinary, immediate need
89
Urinary Tract Infections
infection of the urinary tract from urethral meatus to the bladder
90
Vector
vehicle that harbors pathogen
91
Virions
virus particles outside of cell
92
Virulence
potency of the pathogen by ratio of population diseased and population exposed
93
Viruses
acellular, obligate intracellular parasite
94
Wood Lamp Examination
UV light over site of infection and noting yellow-green fluorescence, mainly used for tinea capitis
95
Yeasts
unicellular fungi

Pathophysiology Term #1 (9 decks)

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