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Pathophysiology Term #1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Anion Exchange

A

transport of one negatively charged ion for another in opposite directions across the plasma (cell) membrane

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2
Q

Anions

A

ions with a negative charge

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3
Q

Anuria

A

kidneys are no longer producing urine causing no urinary output

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4
Q

Aquaporins

A

channels in the plasma (cell) membrane; allow water movement between compartments

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5
Q

Ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

Cation Exchange

A

transport of one positively charged ion for another in opposite directions across the plasma (cell) membrane

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7
Q

Cations

A

ion with a positive charge

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8
Q

Cirrhosis

A

an end-stage liver disease marked by interference of blood flow to the liver and widespread hepatocyte damage, scarring, and tissue thickening

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9
Q

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

the pressure induced by proteins in blood plasma

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10
Q

Dehydration

A

the result of decreased extracellular fluid volume or increased sodium content in relation to water content

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11
Q

Diuretics

A

drugs that increase urine production and elimination

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12
Q

Edema

A

the presence of excessive watery fluid that accumulates in the tissues; swelling

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13
Q

Electrolytes

A

ionizable substances in solution; conduct electricity in solution

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14
Q

Extracellular Compartment

A

body fluid in the interstitial tissue and plasma outside the cells; contains two thirds of the body water; accounts for 40% of body weight

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15
Q

Filtration

A

fluid movement from within the vessel to the interstitial space

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16
Q

Filtration Pressure

A

the force that promotes movement of fluid across a pressure gradient

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17
Q

Hemorrhage

A

the loss of blood through the vessel wall

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18
Q

Hepatorenal Syndrome

A

kidney failure caused by severe renal vasoconstriction in patients with liver disease

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19
Q

Hydrostatic Forces

A

force promoting fluid movement between extracellular compartments; promotes movement of fluid based on the pressure gradient; also known as filtration pressure

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20
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

blood calcium levels greater than 10.5 mg/dL

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21
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

blood chloride levels greater than 108 mEq/L

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22
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

blood potassium levels greater than 5 mEq/L

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23
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

blood magnesium levels greater than 2.5 mEq/L

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24
Q

Hypernatremia

A

blood sodium levels greater than 145 mEq/L

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25
Q

Hypernatremic Dehydration

A

result of hypotonic fluid loss

26
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

blood phosphate levels greater than 4.5 mg/dL

27
Q

Hypertonic

A

solutions having a greater osmolality than the intracellular fluid

28
Q

Hypervolemia

A

excessive increase of fluid in the extracellular compartment

29
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

blood calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL

30
Q

Hypochloremia

A

blood chloride level less than 98 mEq/L

31
Q

Hypokalemia

A

blood potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L

32
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

blood magnesium level less than 1.5 mEq/L

33
Q

Hyponatremia

A

blood sodium level less than 135 mEq/L

34
Q

Hyponatremic Dehydration

A

the fluid lost contains more sodium than the amount contained in the blood, leading to a hypotonic state

35
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

blood parathyroid level less than 10 pg/mL (picograms per milliliter)

36
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

blood phosphate level less than 2.5 mg/dL

37
Q

Hypotonic

A

solutions having a lower osmolality than the intercellular fluid

38
Q

Hypovolemia

A

decreased blood/plasma volume

39
Q

Intracellular Compartment

A

fluid inside the cells; contains two thirds of the body water, accounting for 40% of body weight

40
Q

Ions

A

electrically charged particles resulting from gain or loss of at least one electron; negatively charged particles known as anions; positively charged particles known as cations

41
Q

Isonatremic Dehydration

A

results in equal solute and water loss and maintains normal sodium concentration

42
Q

Isotonic

A

solutions with same osmolality as the intracellular fluid

43
Q

Lactated Ringer’s

A

the crystallosis solution, containing sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate in concentrations that mirror those found in plasma and may also be appropriate intravenous treatment in large volume fluid resuscitation

44
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

drugs that increase urination; these drugs affect urine production through reduced reabsorption of sodium in the thick ascending loop of Henle, causing a decreased osmolality in the interstitial fluid of the collecting ducts, impairing the ability to concentrate urine at the loop, and increasing urine production

45
Q

Lymphedema

A

obstructed lymph flow with movement of fluid into the interstitium

46
Q

Nephron Loop

A

a descending thin limb and a thick ascending limb that create the concentration gradient

47
Q

Nephrons

A

functional unit of the kidney; composed of the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle (nephron loop), distal tubule, and collecting duct; responsible for filtering water-soluble substances from the blood; reabsorption of filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes; and secretion of wastes

48
Q

Oliguria

A

reduced urine output

49
Q

Osmolality

A

reduced urine output

50
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

sensory neurons in the hypothalamus that promote thirst

51
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of water across a concentration gradient; water movement to an area of higher concentration of particles (less water content) from an area of lower concentration of particles (more water content); regulated by the concentration of particles that do not diffuse across the semipermeable membrane

52
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

force generated as water moves through the membrane by osmosis

53
Q

Paracentesis

A

the insertion of a cannula into the peritoneal cavity to remove ascitic fluid

54
Q

Paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation, such as burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling

55
Q

Pitting Edema

A

edema that leaves an indentation after pressure is applied

56
Q

Portal Hypertension

A

elevation in the hepatic pressure of the liver

57
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics:

A

(aldosterone receptor antagonists) reduce sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct

58
Q

Reabsorption

A

fluid pulled from the interstitial space into the intravascular space

59
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

drug that increases urine output through prevention of NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

60
Q

Tonicity

A

the osmotic pressure or tension of an extracellular solution

61
Q

Turgor

A

fullness; evaluation made on skin to determine hydration status

Pathophysiology Term #1 (9 decks)

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