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Pathophysiology Term #1 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis

A

epithelial cells that indicate shedding tubular cells

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2
Q

Ampullary Cancer

A

pancreatic neoplasm that arises from the ampulla of vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)

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3
Q

Anal Canal

A

most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine

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4
Q

Anus

A

opening to the body’s exterior leading from the anal canal

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5
Q

Anuria

A

absent urine production

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6
Q

Appendicitis

A

trapped fecal material in the appendix

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7
Q

Appendix

A

tube shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine

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8
Q

Arteriovenous Fistula

A

blood accessed by the surgical attachment of an artery to a vein

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9
Q

Arteriovenous Shunt

A

obtaining access to the blood supply, graft

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10
Q

Auscultation

A

listening with a stethoscope

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11
Q

Bladder Training

A

learning to hold urine for increasing intervals

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12
Q

Bowel Obstruction

A

due to space occupying lesion, which blocks the intestinal human, either partially or totally

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13
Q

Bower Resection

A

removal of the portion of the large intestine

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14
Q

Burch Procedure

A

bladder and urethra are returned to their normal position, promoting increase voluntary control of urine

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15
Q

Casts

A

structures consisting of a protein meshwork of entrapped cells formed in the distal tubules and collecting ducts

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16
Q

Cecum

A

pouch like structure the appendix attaches to

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17
Q

Chyme

A

semiliquid mixture of partially digested food formed in the small intestine

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18
Q

Colon

A

largest segment that is subdivided into the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions

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19
Q

Colostomy

A

establishment of an artificial opening of the large intestine externally on the abdomen

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20
Q

Constipation

A

absence of bowel movement

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21
Q

Costovertebral Angle

A

flank area

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22
Q

Countercurrent Exchanger

A

additional capillaries, vasa recta, surround the loop of Henle deep within the medulla, have an important role in concentrating urine through exchange of water and solutes from filtrate flowing in the opposite direction of the blood

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23
Q

Countercurrent Mechanism

A

involves the countercurrent exchanger and countercurrent multiplier, and it is responsible for maintaining the vertical gradient in the interstitium

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24
Q

Countercurrent Multiplier

A

fluid moves down the loop of hence where it is progressively more concentrated

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25
Q

Defecation

A

elimination of stool

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26
Q

Defecation Reflex

A

movement of stool into the rectum stimulates the reflex to defecate

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27
Q

Detrusor Muscle

A

smooth muscle the body of the bladder is composed of

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28
Q

Diarrhea

A

loose, water stool at least 3 times a day

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29
Q

Diverticula

A

more than one small sac or pouch

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30
Q

Diverticular Disease

A

Diverticula develop in the lining of the large intestine; affects the large intestine, decreased mobility, obstruction, and impaired perfusion

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31
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Fecal matter caught n sacs that may promote the development of inflammation

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32
Q

Diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula

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33
Q

Diverticulum

A

small sac or pouch in weak parts of the digestive system

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34
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

intrinsic nervous system of the GI tract

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35
Q

Enuresis

A

pediatric urinary incontinence

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36
Q

Evacuation

A

elimination fo stool

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37
Q

External Anal Sphincter

A

skeletal muscle that allows for voluntary release of urine

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38
Q

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy

A

most common procedure for kidney stone removal

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39
Q

Feces

A

fecal matter this is discharged

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40
Q

Filtrate

A

blood entering the glomerular capillaries via the afferent arteriole is filtered with the resulting fluid

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41
Q

Flatus

A

gas passed through the anus

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42
Q

Frank

A

obviously present

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43
Q

Frequency

A

needing the urinate many times during the day

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44
Q

Function Fecal Incontinence

A

encopresis or soiling; condition of repetitive, voluntary, passage of stool in inappropriate places in children 4 years or older

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45
Q

Functional Incontinence

A

characterized by normal bladder control coupled with an impaired ability to transport to toilet facilities

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46
Q

Functional Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence

A

caused by nonorganic factors

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47
Q

Functional Retentive Fecal Incontinence

A

caused by constipation

48
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

Rate of filtrate formation as blood passed through the glomerulus and used to measure how well the kidneys are functioning

49
Q

Glomerulus

A

capillary network in kidney

50
Q

Guaic Test

A

placing small amount of stool sample on a collection card and applying a chemical solution to see a color change indicating blood

51
Q

Haustra

A

pouches

52
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

53
Q

Hemodialysis

A

special filter through the process of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration to removed wastes that the kidneys no longer can remove on their own

54
Q

Hemrrhoids

A

swollen veins in your lower rectum

55
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant used during dialysis to prevent clot formation during a procedure

56
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

increased hydrostatic pressure extends up to the renal pelvis and tubules

57
Q

Hydroureter

A

accumulation of fluid in the urinary ureter

58
Q

Incontinence

A

involuntary urine leakage

59
Q

Internal Anal Sphincter

A

smooth muscle located at the distal extremity of the GI tract, involuntary

60
Q

Internal Urethral Sphincter

A

composed of a rind of circular smooth muscle; regulates urine flow from bladder to urethra

61
Q

Intestinal Flora

A

remaining fecal matter combines with intestinal mucus and resident bacteria

62
Q

Large Intestine

A

hollow organ beginning at the end of the ileum of the small intestine and terminating at the anus

63
Q

Macroscopic Analysis

A

visual assessment of color and clarity

64
Q

Macula Densa

A

epithelial cells adjacent to the distal tubule provide information about sodium content in the filtrate to the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, regulating aldosterone release via the RAAS

65
Q

Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz Procedure

A

bladder and urethra are returned to their normal positions, promoting increase voluntary control of urine

66
Q

Mass Movements

A

storn peristaltic contraction

67
Q

Meconium

A

first stool after birth that represents the digestion of amniotic fluid and is black, sticky, and odorless

68
Q

Meissner Plexus

A

located in the submucosa, transmits sensory impulses through stretch receptors

69
Q

Melena

A

black stool

70
Q

Microscopic Analysis

A

performed using a specifically prepared urine sample

71
Q

Micturition

A

release of urine from the bladder

72
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A

between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers that control gastrointestinal movement

73
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney and is composed of the renal corpuscle

74
Q

Nephroscope

A

an endoscope inserted into the kidney through a small flank incision

75
Q

Nephrostomy Tube

A

drains urine and assist in healing after the procedure

76
Q

Nocturia

A

waking up in the night to urinate

77
Q

Occult

A

too small to be seen

78
Q

Oliguria

A

scanty urine production

79
Q

Overactive Bladder

A

urine leading that is accompanied by or immediately preceded by a strong urge to void

80
Q

Overflow Incontinence

A

incontinence may also result from urine volumes exceeding bladder capacity

81
Q

Paralytic Ileus

A

nontechnical bowel obstruction characterized by a lack of peristalsis

82
Q

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

A

alternate surgical procedure used for renal calculi removal

83
Q

Peristalsis

A

involuntary construction and relaxation of the muscles in the intestines and anal canal to put forward contents

84
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

option of renal failure treatment, wastes and excess water are removed using the peritoneal membrane as the semipermeable “filter” with the same transport mechanisms used in hemodialysis

85
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

86
Q

Polycycstic Kidney Disease

A

condition characterized by the growth of fluid filled cysts in kidney tissue bilaterally, leading to progressive loss of nephrons

87
Q

Precipitation

A

depositing of solid substances from the fluid

88
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

89
Q

Re-anastomosis

A

colostomy that is temporarily measured until the colon is healed, which time it may be surgically reconnected

90
Q

Rectum

A

last several inches of the large intestine, ending at the anal canal

91
Q

Renal Calculi

A

kidney stones

92
Q

Retention

A

incomplete emptying

93
Q

Rome III Criteria

A

symptom based diagnostic classifications

94
Q

Segmental Movement

A

circular fiber contraction and relaxation occurs at different locations in the large intestine

95
Q

Sling Procedure

A

places support material directly under the urethra and attached to abdominal muscle connective tissue

96
Q

Steatorrhea

A

bile acids are absent in some malabsorption syndromes and are associated with large fat content

97
Q

Stercobilin

A

brown stool color derived from the bilirubin pigment in bile

98
Q

Stool

A

fecal matter discharged

99
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

physical movement or activity puts pressure on your bladder

100
Q

Struvite

A

magnesium ammonium phosphate; “infection stones” in the urinary tract

101
Q

Taeniae Coli

A

along the length of the longitudinal muscle forms three distinct bands

102
Q

Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Procedure

A

uses a thin strip of supporting tape to form a hammock under the urethra

103
Q

Trigone

A

triangular, smooth area at the base of the bladder between the opening of the two ureters and the urethra

104
Q

Ureteroscopic Stone Removal

A

used when stones are located in the mid or distal portions of the ureters

105
Q

Ureters

A

composed of smooth muscle fibers that propel the urine to the bladder by peristalsis

106
Q

Urethra

A

opening to the exterior

107
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

urine leading that is accompanied by or immediately preceded by a strong urge to void

108
Q

Urgency

A

strong urge to void

109
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

muscular organ lined with transitional epithelium and innervated by the pelvic nerves

110
Q

Urine Incontinence

A

accidental or involuntary urination

111
Q

Urine

A

clear, yellow fluid composed primarily of water, which contains a variety of water-soluble wastes

112
Q

Urine Dipstick

A

changes color which indicates the absence or presence of substances oil urine

113
Q

Urodynamic Testing

A

looking at how well the bladder, sphincters, and urethra are operating

114
Q

Urolithiasis

A

development of calculi in the urinary system

115
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A

conscious contractions of abdominal muscles and forced exhalation against a closed glottis

116
Q

Venipuncture

A

needle insertion

117
Q

Voiding Diary

A

record on urinary frequency, leakage, volumes, and fluid intake

Pathophysiology Term #1 (9 decks)

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