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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what does the right side of the heart do

A

receives blood from the body and delivers it to the lungs

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2
Q

What does the left side of the heart do

A

receives blood from the lungs and delivers oxygen rich blood to the body

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3
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

right atrioventricular valve

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4
Q

mitral valve/ bicuspid

A

left atrioventricular valve

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5
Q

What is inbetween each ventricle and artery

A

valve

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6
Q

What is the purpose of valves

A

to prevent retrograde blood flow (blood from flowing backwards)

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7
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow to and from the lungs; blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium

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8
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow to and from the body; blood from the left of the heart to the body tissues back to the right atrium

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9
Q

arteries

A

takes blood from the heart

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10
Q

veins

A

take blood back to the heart

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11
Q

capillaries

A

connect arteries and veins

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12
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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13
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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14
Q

sept/o

A

septum; wall between the left and right side of the heart

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15
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect; hole between atria, genetic

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16
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septum disorder; hole between the ventricles, genetic

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17
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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18
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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19
Q

coronary artery

A

artery to the heart muscle

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20
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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21
Q

cardiac arrest

A

heart is not beating

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22
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

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23
Q

aort/o

A

artery from left ventricle to system circulation

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24
Q

arteri/o

A

artery that moves blood from the heart

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25
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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26
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of artery due to fatty and calcium plaque

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27
Q

vena cava

A

large vein that brings blood from the body to heart

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28
Q

cava

A

hollow

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29
Q

superior vena cava

A

blood from above the diaphragm to the heart

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30
Q

inferior vena cava

A

blood from below the diaphragm to the heart

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31
Q

pectoralgia

A

pain in the chest; not necessarily due to the heart

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32
Q

pector

A

chest

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33
Q

angina pectoris

A

pain in the heart; due to irregular flow to the heart

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34
Q

palpitation

A

rapid or irregular heartbeat

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35
Q

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

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36
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of blood

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37
Q

what are the indicators of poor perfusion

A

blue and pale skin

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38
Q

what is the use of the pulse with the HR

A

used to measure HR and how strong the flow is

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39
Q

ECG/EKG

A

electrocardiogram; record of electrical activity

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40
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram; ultrasound of the heart to see the heart functioning (valves opening and closing and blood flow)

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41
Q

occlusion

A

cutoff in blood flow

42
Q

ectasia

A

dilation of a vessel

43
Q

What is a sequelae of a high BP

A

cardiomegaly due to the myocardium having to work harder due to overcome greater pressure

44
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

45
Q

cyanosis

A

blue skin

46
Q

aortectasia

A

widening of the aorta

47
Q

aortic dissection

A

wall splitting due to blood getting between layers through an ulcer

48
Q

varicose veins

A

enlarged, dilated veins in surface veins

49
Q

varicose

A

swollen

50
Q

venostasis

A

trapping of blood in extremities; due to pressure on a nerve

51
Q

vascular endoscopy

A

process for viewing inside a blood vessel

52
Q

sonography

A

ultrasound waves to view something

53
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

sonogram from a device inserted into the esophagus

54
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

ECG during a stress test

55
Q

what is normal BP

A

120/80 (systolic, diastolic)

56
Q

hypertension

A

higher than 130/80

57
Q

hypotension

A

lower than 90/60

58
Q

aneurysm

A

weakened area that bulges

59
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

backflow of blood, due to a weak heart valve

60
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of the vein due to a clot

61
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

62
Q

myocarditis

A

heart muscle inflammation

63
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the outer lining of the heart

64
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of the valves of the heart

65
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy/ dilated cardiomyopathy

A

heart can’t pump out most of the blood causing it to stretch and dilate with a low ejection fraction

66
Q

ejection fraction

A

amount of blood pumped out over total amount of blood in a ventricle

67
Q

What is the normal ejection fraction percentage

A

50-75%

68
Q

what is low ejection fraction percentage

A

36-49%

69
Q

what is a seriously low ejection fraction percentage

A

less than 36%

70
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

enlarged heart muscle obstructing flow

71
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

stiffened heart muscle restricts filling, therefore less blood is pumped

72
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

clot in a coronary artery

73
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

reduced blood to the heart due to a blockage of blood to the heart muscle

74
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction; death of some heart tissue

75
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

device to act as the lungs during surgery on the heart

76
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

catheter through the skin and through a large artery to reach the heart for the surgery

77
Q

percutaneous

A

through the skin

78
Q

antianginal

A

used for chest pain

79
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

used for arrhythmias

80
Q

antihypertensive

A

for high BP

81
Q

vasodilator

A

relaxes or expands the blood vessels; used for high BP

82
Q

vasopressor

A

constricts or narrows the blood vessel; for low BP

83
Q

cardiotonic

A

increases strength of cardiac muscle

84
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

85
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

puncture of the pericardium to let out excess fluid

86
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection of two vessels

87
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

88
Q

Afib

A

atrial filbrillation

89
Q

SCA

A

sudden cardiac arrest

90
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse; left AV valve not closing properly

91
Q

CO

A

cardiac output (blood pumped put per minute)

92
Q

SV

A

stroke volume (blood pumped per stroke)

93
Q

CTA

A

computed tomographic angiography

94
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiograph

95
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure; when the heart is weak and cannot pump effectively

96
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

97
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

98
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention - threading tools into vessels and heart

99
Q

AA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

100
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

101
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision into a vein to draw blood

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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