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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system

A

To maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

what is the function of the thyroid

A

calcium and metabolism regulation

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3
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland

A

calcium balance

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4
Q

What is the function of the thymus

A

produce T cells to help the immune system

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5
Q

What is the function of the adrenal gland

A

to release cortisol, to regulate stress and low blood sugar, and aldosterone, to regulate sodium, potassium, and water levels

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6
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

to regulate blood sugar levels through insulin

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7
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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8
Q

Adren/o

A

adrenal gland

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9
Q

Cortic/o

A

outer surface; cortex

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10
Q

corticotropic

A

cortex stimulation

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11
Q

Adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland

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12
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads

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13
Q

gonadogenesis

A

development of gonads

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14
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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15
Q

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

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16
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

overactive pituitary gland function

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17
Q

hypophysis

A

growth below

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18
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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19
Q

thryr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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20
Q

thyrotoxin

A

poisonous to the thyroid gland

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21
Q

glucorticoid

A

steroids with a glucose attached

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22
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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23
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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24
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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25
Q

endocrine

A

secrete within the blood

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26
Q

exocrine

A

secrete outside the blood

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27
Q

homron/o

A

hormone

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28
Q

hormonopoesis

A

stimulation of hormone production

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29
Q

poesis

A

to make

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30
Q

ket/o

A

ketone body

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31
Q

ketosis

A

condition of producing ketones

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32
Q

When do ketones appear

A

When there is a lack of sugar, causing the body to breakdown fat for energy

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33
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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34
Q

adrenal virilism

A

development of male secondary sex characteristics due to an oversecretion from the adrenal gland; causes a deep voice, body hair, and larger muscles

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35
Q

adrenarche

A

onset of adrenal secretion at puberty

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36
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial hair in women; bearded lady

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37
Q

gynecomastia

A

breast development in males

38
Q

-mast

A

breast

39
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of mestruation

40
Q

-meno

A

menstruation

41
Q

menarche

A

onset of mestruation

42
Q

thelarche

A

onset of breast development

43
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst; likely due to high blood sugar

44
Q

-dips

A

thirst

45
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating; likely due to high blood sugar

46
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urine production; likely due to high blood sugar

47
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of extremities

48
Q

acro-

A

extremitites

49
Q

galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk; breastfeeding

50
Q

myxedema

A

swelling of skin below eyes indication of severe hypothyroidism

51
Q

chloremia

A

elevated chloride levels

52
Q

hypercalcemia

A

elevated calcium levels

53
Q

hyperkalemia

A

elevated potassium levels

54
Q

-kal

A

potassium

55
Q

hypernatremia

A

elevated sodium levels

56
Q

-natr

A

sodium

57
Q

acidemia

A

abnormal acidity; under pH of 7.4

58
Q

alkalemia

A

abnormal alkalinity in blood; pH over 7.4

59
Q

uremia

A

urinary waste in blood; due to bad kidneys

60
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

formation of glucose from a noncarbohydrate source

61
Q

calciuria

A

calcium in the urine; some is normal

62
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine; some is not normal

63
Q

carcinoma

A

cancer from the covering of tissue

64
Q

sarcoma

A

cancer from the bone or soft tissue

65
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

adrenal gland does not produce enough hormone

66
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

adrenal gland is overdeveloped; genetic problem that can cause under or over secretion of the adrenal gland

67
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

expanded area of pancreas resembling a cyst

68
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

69
Q

diabeteic ketoacidosis

A

production of ketones as the body is unable to use sugar

70
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

excessive levels of thyroid hormone

71
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

defective or absent function of pituitary gland

72
Q

pituitary infarction

A

death of the pituitary gland

73
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

removal of the adrenal gland via abdomen surgery

74
Q

ketogenic diet

A

aids in the production of ketones; can be used to treat epilepsy in children

75
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

76
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

77
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

78
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine hormone

79
Q

T4

A

thyroxine hormone

80
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

81
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar; used to test for diabetes

82
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test; used for people with blood sugar issues

83
Q

HgA1c

A

hemoglobin A1C test; used to test for diabetes

84
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

85
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; looks at pancreas

86
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidis; kidneys don’t get the signal to conserve water making you really thirst due to not having any antidiuretic hormones

87
Q

IDDM

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; type I diabetes caused by an autoimmune disorder which destroys cells that make insulin; life long but manageable

88
Q

NIDDM

A

noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; type II diabetes where cells stop responding to made insulin; can be treated through activity and eating right

89
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

90
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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