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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Afferent

A

sensory

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2
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A

Central and Peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

What does the CNS do and involve

A

Central nervous system coordinated incoming information using the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord

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5
Q

What does the PNS do and involve

A

controls motor movement using the nerves

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6
Q

What are the five lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, and insula lobes

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7
Q

Cerebr/o, encephal/o

A

brain

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8
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography; used to measure brain activity

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9
Q

cerebell/o

A

little brain

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10
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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11
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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12
Q

mening/om meningi/o

A

meninges; membranes that protect the CNS system

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13
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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14
Q

neur/o

A

nerves

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15
Q

gangli/o

A

nerve bundle

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16
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord or bone marrow

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17
Q

myelodysplasia

A

defective formation of spinal cord

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18
Q

esthesi/o

A

feelings or sensation

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19
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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20
Q

phren/o, psych/o

A

mind

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21
Q

somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o

A

sleep

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22
Q

gnosi/o

A

knowledge

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23
Q

agnosia

A

lack of knowledge or ability to recognize familiar objects

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24
Q

prognosis

A

chances for things getting better or worse

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25
Q

-mania

A

excessive desire

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26
Q

-paresis

A

slight, partial paralysis

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27
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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28
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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29
Q

syncope

A

fainting

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30
Q

delirium

A

sudden state of confusion

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31
Q

dementia

A

constant state of confusion

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32
Q

cata-

A

down

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33
Q

myoclonus

A

muscle twitching

34
Q

ambul

A

walk

35
Q

monoparesis

A

partial paralysis in one limb

36
Q

monoplegia

A

complete loss of sensation and movement in one limb

37
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation (tingling)

38
Q

sysesthesia

A

one sensation is experienced as another

39
Q

caus

A

burn

40
Q

ansomia

A

lack of smell

41
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture; puncture in lower back to remove cerebrospinal fluid

42
Q

CT scan

A

using an xray to look for a tumor or bleeding

43
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging; uses magnets and radio waves to look at organs in the body

44
Q

Myelogram

A

Xray of the spinal cord

45
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

Xray of blood vessels of brain

46
Q

PET scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography; uses contrasting radioactive drug infusion

47
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography; see blood vessels in brain via contrast

48
Q

epidural hematoma

A

blood between skull and dura mater causing the dura mater to be pushed on

49
Q

subdural hematoma

A

blood below dura mater

50
Q

atopognosis

A

inability to locate a sensation

51
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize a fact

52
Q

ictal

A

seizure

53
Q

tonic

A

weak muscle tone

54
Q

idiopathic

A

unknown origin

55
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident; condition due to the blood vessels of the brain

56
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

rupture of blood vessel to brain

57
Q

ischemic stroke

A

lack of blood flow to the brain

58
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack; mini stroke in which blood flow is temporarily lost causing people to temporarily forget names for objects

59
Q

cerebral aneursym

A

widening of blood vessel

60
Q

cerebral arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of vessels

61
Q

cerebral atheroscleosis

A

fatty plaques in vessels, can lead to arteriosclerosis

62
Q

cerebral embolism

A

clot that traveled to the head

63
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

clot in the brain vessel

64
Q

hydrocephaly

A

excess cerebrospinal fluid in brain

65
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; hardening of nerve cells on the sides of the spine, loss of muscle control

66
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord

67
Q

cerebral palsy

A

paralysis caused by brain damage

68
Q

epilepsy

A

disease marked by seizures

69
Q

anesthestics

A

removes sensations

70
Q

antipsychotics

A

opposes psychoses

71
Q

anxiolytic

A

decreases anxiety

72
Q

anxio

A

anxiety

73
Q

analgesic

A

relieves pain

74
Q

anticonvulsant

A

opposes convulsions

75
Q

hypnotic

A

aids in producing sleep

76
Q

thrombolytic

A

destroys thrombus (blood clots)

77
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

78
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis; hardened plaques in the brain

79
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

80
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

81
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

82
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s disease; progressive breakdown of nerve cells in brain causing a decrease in functional abilities

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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