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Medical Terminology > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys

A

to maintain some characteristics of the blood like pH, minerals, water, and sugar

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2
Q

what is the basic unit of the kidneys

A

nephron

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3
Q

how do nephrons work

A
  • glomerulus (blood vessels) that interact with the bowman’s capsule to start filtration
  • tube collects filtered fluid then enter ducts
  • ducts change the concentration of the blood
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4
Q

how does the urinary system work

A

urine moves from nephrons to renal pelvis, drains through the ureter and into the bladder, bladder stretches causing peeing sensation, bladder contracts when peeing, urine travels from bladder to the outside through the urethra

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5
Q

what are kidney stones made of

A

calcium, oxalate, and uric acid

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6
Q

what are the components of the male reproductive system

A

testicles, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and penis

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7
Q

what do the seminiferous tubules do

A

make sperm

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8
Q

what is another name for the vas deferens and what do they do

A

ductus deferens; allow sperm travel

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9
Q

what does the epididymis do

A

store sperm

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10
Q

where is the prostate gland

A

close to the male urethra

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11
Q

what is the use of a circumscion

A

prevents infections in males

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12
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidneys; filter the blood

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13
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus “little ball”

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14
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomerulus and nephron

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15
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis; funnel urine from the kidneys to the ureters

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16
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

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17
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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18
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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19
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing stones

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20
Q

tripsy

A

crushing

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21
Q

lithotripter

A

crushing stones through the use of sound waves

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22
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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23
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter; carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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24
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra; connects bladder to the outside world

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25
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection; urethra and bladder infection

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26
Q

meat/o

A

opening “to go through”; usually refers to an opening of the urethra

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27
Q

balan/o

A

glans of the penis “acorn”

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28
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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29
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o

A

testicle

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30
Q

anorchidism

A

lack of a testicle

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31
Q

prostate/o

A

prostate gland “the one that stands before or in front of”

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32
Q

prostomegaly

A

enlarged prostate; can cause peeing sensation but make it difficult to pee; usually with old age

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33
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/l

A

sperm “seed”

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34
Q

spermicide

A

lotion that kills sperm (usually in a condom)

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35
Q

spermatocele

A

cyst near the epididymis

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36
Q

anuria

A

lack of urination

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37
Q

dysuria, urodynia

A

painful urination

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38
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

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39
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urination

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40
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

nighttime involuntary urination

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41
Q

nocturia

A

needing to pee at nighttime, usually in large volumes

42
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urine output; ties into polydipsia

43
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urine output; very little output

44
Q

urethrorrhea

A

discharge from the urethra

45
Q

priapism

A

prolonged erection (from viagra)

46
Q

orchidoptosis

A

downward placement of the testicle

47
Q

urinalysis

A

using test strips to see pH, glucose, blood, and pus

48
Q

what do blood tests look for

A

waste in the blood, pH, and electrolytes

49
Q

what is urodynamic testing and what is another name for it

A

use of radiography to watch the patient urinate in order to detect abnormalities of the process; aka VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)

50
Q

voiding

A

urination

51
Q

BUN test

A

blood urea nitrogen test; test for nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; inidcates that the body is breaking down amino acids for energy

52
Q

albuminuria

A

protein in the urine

53
Q

albumin

A

protein

54
Q

azotorrhea

A

excessive discharge of nitrogen in urine

55
Q

azot

A

nitrogen

56
Q

azoturia

A

nitrogen in the urine (normal)

57
Q

cystorrhexis

A

rupture of the bladder

58
Q

dispogenic

A

creating thirst

59
Q

ureterocele

A

hernia due to ureter stone

60
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram; contrast dye into bladder; shows flow through renal pelvis

61
Q

renal artierogram

A

xray of kidney artery

62
Q

resectoscope

A

device to examine and cut, typically used for the prostate gland

63
Q

diuresis

A

excessive urination

64
Q

uropoiesis

A

formation of urine

65
Q

uroxanthin

A

substance that gives urine yellow color

66
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease; fluid filled cysts in the kidney

67
Q

lithonephritis

A

inflammation caused by kidney stones

68
Q

hydronephrosis

A

kidney condition due to obstruction of urine flow

69
Q

renal failure

A

kidneys don’t function to remove toxins from the blood

70
Q

gonorrhea

A

discharge from the gonads (STD)

71
Q

cryptorchidism

A

condition of a hidden testicle

72
Q

crypt

A

hidden

73
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid-filled mass in a testicle

74
Q

seminoma

A

testicular cancer due to sperm-forming tissue

75
Q

aspermia

A

lack of sperm

76
Q

azoospermia

A

lack of living sperm

77
Q

oligospermia

A

low sperm production

78
Q

hypospadias

A

condition when the meatus is on the underside instead of at the end of the penis

79
Q

phimosis

A

contraction of the foreskin

80
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam; examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum

81
Q

transrectal ultrasonography

A

ultrasound probe inserted into the rectum to examine prostate

82
Q

SUI

A

stress urinary incontinence; loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure

83
Q

VUR

A

vesicoureteral reflux; abnormal flow of urine from bladder back into the ureter

84
Q

BPH

A

benign prostate hyperplasia; noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate

85
Q

diuretic

A

promotes urine formation

86
Q

antidiuretic

A

stops the formation of urine

87
Q

Viagra

A

corrects ED (erectile dysfunction)

88
Q

testosterone

A

Rx given to men with low levels of testosterone

89
Q

dialysis

A

system to filter blood when the kidney won’t

90
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; device outside the body using ultrasound waves to breakdown stones

91
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate; removing all or part of the prostate by a resectoscope into the urethra

92
Q

vasovasostomy

A

reversal of a vasectomy

93
Q

UA

A

urine analysis

94
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram; going through the venous system to generate a picture

95
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram

96
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureters, and bladder

97
Q

Cath

A

catheter

98
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

99
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

100
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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