chapter 12 Flashcards
What is the function of the kidneys
to maintain some characteristics of the blood like pH, minerals, water, and sugar
what is the basic unit of the kidneys
nephron
how do nephrons work
- glomerulus (blood vessels) that interact with the bowman’s capsule to start filtration
- tube collects filtered fluid then enter ducts
- ducts change the concentration of the blood
how does the urinary system work
urine moves from nephrons to renal pelvis, drains through the ureter and into the bladder, bladder stretches causing peeing sensation, bladder contracts when peeing, urine travels from bladder to the outside through the urethra
what are kidney stones made of
calcium, oxalate, and uric acid
what are the components of the male reproductive system
testicles, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and penis
what do the seminiferous tubules do
make sperm
what is another name for the vas deferens and what do they do
ductus deferens; allow sperm travel
what does the epididymis do
store sperm
where is the prostate gland
close to the male urethra
what is the use of a circumscion
prevents infections in males
nephr/o, ren/o
kidneys; filter the blood
glomerul/o
glomerulus “little ball”
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomerulus and nephron
pyel/o
renal pelvis; funnel urine from the kidneys to the ureters
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
ur/o, urin/o
urine
lith/o
stone
lithotripsy
crushing stones
tripsy
crushing
lithotripter
crushing stones through the use of sound waves
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder
ureter/o
ureter; carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
urethr/o
urethra; connects bladder to the outside world
UTI
urinary tract infection; urethra and bladder infection
meat/o
opening “to go through”; usually refers to an opening of the urethra
balan/o
glans of the penis “acorn”
epididym/o
epididymis
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o
testicle
anorchidism
lack of a testicle
prostate/o
prostate gland “the one that stands before or in front of”
prostomegaly
enlarged prostate; can cause peeing sensation but make it difficult to pee; usually with old age
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/l
sperm “seed”
spermicide
lotion that kills sperm (usually in a condom)
spermatocele
cyst near the epididymis
anuria
lack of urination
dysuria, urodynia
painful urination
enuresis
involuntary urination
incontinence
inability to control urination
nocturnal enuresis
nighttime involuntary urination
nocturia
needing to pee at nighttime, usually in large volumes
polyuria
excessive urine output; ties into polydipsia
oliguria
scanty urine output; very little output
urethrorrhea
discharge from the urethra
priapism
prolonged erection (from viagra)
orchidoptosis
downward placement of the testicle
urinalysis
using test strips to see pH, glucose, blood, and pus
what do blood tests look for
waste in the blood, pH, and electrolytes
what is urodynamic testing and what is another name for it
use of radiography to watch the patient urinate in order to detect abnormalities of the process; aka VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)
voiding
urination
BUN test
blood urea nitrogen test; test for nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; inidcates that the body is breaking down amino acids for energy
albuminuria
protein in the urine
albumin
protein
azotorrhea
excessive discharge of nitrogen in urine
azot
nitrogen
azoturia
nitrogen in the urine (normal)
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
dispogenic
creating thirst
ureterocele
hernia due to ureter stone
RP
retrograde pyelogram; contrast dye into bladder; shows flow through renal pelvis
renal artierogram
xray of kidney artery
resectoscope
device to examine and cut, typically used for the prostate gland
diuresis
excessive urination
uropoiesis
formation of urine
uroxanthin
substance that gives urine yellow color
PKD
polycystic kidney disease; fluid filled cysts in the kidney
lithonephritis
inflammation caused by kidney stones
hydronephrosis
kidney condition due to obstruction of urine flow
renal failure
kidneys don’t function to remove toxins from the blood
gonorrhea
discharge from the gonads (STD)
cryptorchidism
condition of a hidden testicle
crypt
hidden
hydrocele
fluid-filled mass in a testicle
seminoma
testicular cancer due to sperm-forming tissue
aspermia
lack of sperm
azoospermia
lack of living sperm
oligospermia
low sperm production
hypospadias
condition when the meatus is on the underside instead of at the end of the penis
phimosis
contraction of the foreskin
DRE
digital rectal exam; examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum
transrectal ultrasonography
ultrasound probe inserted into the rectum to examine prostate
SUI
stress urinary incontinence; loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure
VUR
vesicoureteral reflux; abnormal flow of urine from bladder back into the ureter
BPH
benign prostate hyperplasia; noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate
diuretic
promotes urine formation
antidiuretic
stops the formation of urine
Viagra
corrects ED (erectile dysfunction)
testosterone
Rx given to men with low levels of testosterone
dialysis
system to filter blood when the kidney won’t
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; device outside the body using ultrasound waves to breakdown stones
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate; removing all or part of the prostate by a resectoscope into the urethra
vasovasostomy
reversal of a vasectomy
UA
urine analysis
IVP
intravenous pyelogram; going through the venous system to generate a picture
IVU
intravenous urogram
KUB
kidney, ureters, and bladder
Cath
catheter
HD
hemodialysis
OAB
overactive bladder
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
