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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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2
Q

What do erythrocytes do

A

carry oxygen via hemoglobin

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3
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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4
Q

what are eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils

A

innate cells that don’t respond to foreign things based on prior exposure

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5
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

adaptive cells that attack disease based on prior experience

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6
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets

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7
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation

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8
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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9
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow when talking about the lymphatic system and spinal cord when talking about the CNS

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10
Q

-plasia

A

production

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11
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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12
Q

thrombocytosis

A

increase in the number of platelets

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13
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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14
Q

leukemia

A

increase in the number of white blood cells

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15
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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16
Q

venospasm

A

contractions of the vein

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17
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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18
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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19
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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20
Q

immun/o

A

immune system

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21
Q

anemia

A

low number of erythrocytes; can cause fatigue

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22
Q

what could unexplained bruising indicate

A

low platelets

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23
Q

hemophilia

A

blood does not clot

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24
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive blood loss

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25
Q

ecchymosis

A

large bruise

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26
Q

petechia

A

small bruise

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27
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling

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28
Q

leukopenia

A

decrease in white blood cells; causes one to be more susceptible to infection

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29
Q

leukocytosis

A

elevated white blood cells; indication of infection

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30
Q

microcytosis

A

condition of small RBCs

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31
Q

macrocytosis

A

condition of large RBCs

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32
Q

spherocyte

A

circular shaped cell (normal)

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33
Q

elliptocyte

A

oval shaped cell

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34
Q

sickle cell

A

cells that don’t effectively carry O2

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35
Q

erythrocytosis

A

too many RBCs

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36
Q

oligocythemia

A

too few RBCs

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37
Q

normocyte

A

normal sized RBC

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38
Q

anisocytosis

A

great inequality in size of RBCs; there are small and large cells

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39
Q

embolus

A

mass of matter in blood

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40
Q

embolism

A

blockage of blood vessel by a traveling embolus

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41
Q

thromboembolism

A

clot that traveled to another place

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42
Q

thrombogenic

A

capable of creating a clot

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43
Q

neutropenia

A

condition of too few neutrophils; lowers immune system affectability

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44
Q

myelopoiesis

A

formation of red bone marrow

45
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

46
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells

47
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature RBCs

48
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of RBCs

49
Q

pancytopenia

A

reduction in the number of blood cells

50
Q

polycythemia

A

increased number of RBCs

51
Q

hepato

A

liver

52
Q

splenectomy

A

displaced spleen

53
Q

thymic hyperplasia

A

overdevelopment of the thymus

54
Q

antigen

A

substance that will cause the production of an antibody

55
Q

antibody

A

substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

56
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein that provides protection against disease

57
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein in the RBCs that carries oxygen

58
Q

hypoperfusion

A

inadequate flow of blood

59
Q

hematocrit

A

ratio of RBCs to the total blood volume

60
Q

sphygmanometer

A

device to measure blood pressure

61
Q

what are the normal levels of hematocrit %

A

45-52% for men and 37-48% for women

62
Q

septicemia

A

presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood

63
Q

occluded lymphatic vessels

A

blocked vessels

64
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

hereditary disease of hemoglobin; abnormal structure of hemoglobin

65
Q

aplastic anemia

A

deficiency in RBCs due to them not being formed in sufficient quantities

66
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

deficiency in RBCs due to prematurely being destroyed

67
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

anemia due to low iron intake

68
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis; clot in a deep vein, usually a leg

69
Q

ischemia

A

lack of blood flow, no oxygen to tissue

70
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

condition when the body’s immune system attacks itself like type one diabetes

71
Q

immunocompromised

A

immune system incapable of normal function like HIV

72
Q

immunodeficiency

A

decreased response due to disease

73
Q

immunosupression

A

reduction in activity of the body’s immune system

74
Q

phlebarteriectasia

A

dilation of blood vessels

75
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein caused by a clot

76
Q

hypovolemia

A

decreased blood volume

77
Q

hypersplenism

A

increased spleen activity

78
Q

mononucleosis

A

increase in the number of mononuclear lymphocytes

79
Q

bilirubinemia

A

bilirubin in the blood; produced when hemoglobin is broken down from old RBCs

80
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

increased levels of bilirubin in the blood

81
Q

anticoagulant

A

prevents clotting

82
Q

thrombolytic

A

breaks down existing clot

83
Q

hemostatic

A

drug that stops the blood flow

84
Q

nephrosplenoplexy

A

fixation of the kidney and spleen

85
Q

apheresis

A

draw out a patient’s blood, remove something from it, and return it

86
Q

cytapheresis

A

apheresis to remove cellular material

87
Q

plasmapheresis

A

apheresis to remove plasma

88
Q

plateletpheresis

A

apheresis to remove platelets

89
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

90
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

91
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

92
Q

PLT

A

platelet

93
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate; general test that indicated inflammation

94
Q

INR

A

international normalized ratio; used when patients are on anticoagulant therapy

95
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time; used when patients are on anticoagulant therapy, prothrombin is a precursor to thrombin

96
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time; used to evaluate clotting abnormalities

97
Q

ALL

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

98
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

99
Q

CML

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

100
Q

DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

101
Q

HUS

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome; destruction of RBC that damages kidney can cause kidney failure

102
Q

ITP

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; condition of easy bruising

103
Q

TTP

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; Formation of clots in small vessels

104
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

105
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

106
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus; associated with infectious mononucleosis

107
Q

HSM

A

hepatosplenomegaly; enlarged spleen and liver

108
Q

LAD

A

lymphadenopathy

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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