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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What does the respiratory system do

A

Brings in O2 and releases CO2

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2
Q

What is the function of the nose

A

to heat, humidify, and filter incoming air

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3
Q

What is the process of inspiration

A

diaphragm and intercoastal muscles contract, pressure in the chest decreases, and the external air pressure causes air to rush into the lungs

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4
Q

What is the process of Expiration

A

passive process involving the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles

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5
Q

adenoid/o

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx (upper portion of the throat)

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6
Q

tonsill/o

A

lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (middle portion of the throat)

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7
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

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8
Q

NG tube

A

nasogastric tube; tube placed in the nose to stomach

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9
Q

Palat/o

A

palate

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10
Q

Or/o

A

mouth

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11
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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12
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden closure of the larynx (hiccups)

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13
Q

sept/o

A

septum; cartilage and bone that separate the left and right side of the plane

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14
Q

sin/o, sinus/o

A

sinus; hollow spaces in skull

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15
Q

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

lung or air

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16
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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17
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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18
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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19
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole; little bronchi

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20
Q

alveol/o

A

alveoli; air sacs at the end of bronchus

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21
Q

stern/o

A

sternum; breastbone; flat piece between between ribs

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22
Q

sternocostal

A

pertaining to the rib and sternum

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23
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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24
Q

thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o

A

chest

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25
Q

pectus excavatum

A

chest that goes inward

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26
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura; membrane on lungs and inside of chest wall

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27
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

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28
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung

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29
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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30
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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31
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of low O2

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32
Q

hypoxemia

A

low oxygen in blood

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33
Q

spir/o, -pnea

A

breathing

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34
Q

spirometer

A

device to measure breathing

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35
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

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36
Q

capn/o, carb/o

A

carbon dioxide

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37
Q

hypercarbia

A

triggers the medulla oblangata to cause breathing

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38
Q

eupnea

A

good breathing

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39
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

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40
Q

hyperventilation

A

deep and rapid breathing; losing CO2 too fast

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41
Q

hypoventilation

A

shallow and slow breathing

42
Q

dysphonia

A

bad voice; hoarseness

43
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

44
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

excessive blood flow from nose

45
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

46
Q

expectoration

A

coughing or spitting material from lung

47
Q

sputum

A

mucus coughed from lung

48
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

49
Q

-ptysis

A

cough

50
Q

pectoriloquy

A

patient speaks while doc listens to areas with stethoscope

51
Q

pectus carinatum

A

sternum protrudes

52
Q

pectus excavatum

A

sternum is hollowed out

53
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of lung tissue

54
Q

-tel

A

complete

55
Q

caseous necrosis

A

death of tissue with tuberculosis infection

56
Q

chylothorax

A

milky white substance in pleural space

57
Q

empyema, pyothorax

A

pus in pleural space

58
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

air and blood in pleural space

59
Q

capnography

A

procedure to measure CO2

60
Q

oximetry

A

measures O2

61
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

imaging of the pulmonary vessels

62
Q

spirometry

A

measure of breathing

63
Q

thoracoscopy

A

examination inside the chest but outside the lungs

64
Q

what is the most common cause of respiratory problems

A

infection

65
Q

LTB

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis; inflammation of the larynx, bronchi, and trachea

66
Q

sleep apnea

A

ceasing of breathing while sleeping

67
Q

pneumonia

A

infection of the lung

68
Q

obstructive lung disorder

A

blockage of the lung

69
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; group of lung diseases characterized by continual lung blockage

70
Q

Emphysema

A

loss of elasticity of alveoli causing difficulty exhaling air

71
Q

asthma

A

allergic reaction in lungs; narrowing of airways and swelling of tissues

72
Q

restrictive lung disease

A

stiff lung, hard to get air in

73
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

lung disease by inhaling dust

74
Q

diaphragmatocele

A

hernia of diaphragm

75
Q

pneumatocele

A

hernia of the lung

76
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

insertion of a tube into the trachea

77
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe of lung; primarily used for cancer patients

78
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of an entire lung

79
Q

expectorant

A

encourages expulsion of material in lungs

80
Q

mucolytic

A

breaks down mucus making it easier to cough up

81
Q

antitussive

A

prevents cough

82
Q

bronchodilator

A

expands and relaxes bronchi

83
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas test used for pH and O2 and CO2 levels

84
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

85
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory tract infection

86
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

87
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

88
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

89
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis; hits more than one area

90
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation

91
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

92
Q

CT

A

computed tomography; imaging of slices of the body

93
Q

CXR

A

chest x ray

94
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography; detects cancer

95
Q

V/Q

A

ventilation-perfusion scan; test of air and blood flow

96
Q

ET

A

endotracheal tube

97
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function tests

98
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography; measuring sleep activity

99
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

100
Q

pectus carinatum

A

sternum protrudes outward

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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