Chapter 8 Water and Minerals Flashcards
What are the four shortfall nutrients?
Calcium, potassium, magnesium, and iron
What is the most indispensable nutrient?
water
T/F, water is the universal solvent?
T
T/F, water provides lubrication, cushioning, and acts as a cleansing agent and coolant?
T
T/F, the hypothalamus sends signal to pituitary gland to send signal to kidneys to reabsorb more water?
T
T/F, Dehydration is the most common cause of hospitalization for the elderly?
T
T/F, Water follows salt
T
T/F, Water helps maintain electrolyte balance and acid-base balance
T
what are the four sources of water?
surface water, groundwater, desalination, and bottled water
this is the most abundant mineral in the body?
calcium
how does calcium maintain balance in the body?
PTH and Vitamin D
this is the second most abundant mineral in the body?
phosphorus
where is the majority of phosphorus found in the body?
bones and teeth
what is the role of phosphorus?
Aids in extraction of energy from nutrients
Component of phospholipids of cell membranes
this mineral is the major part of fluid and electrolyte balance?
sodium
what type of balance does sodium maintain?
acid base balance
what is hyponatremia?
Too little sodium/too much water
what is the relationship between sodium and blood pressure?
Direct relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure, this can influence hypertension
this mineral is a positively charged ion inside the cells?
potassium
what are the roles of potassium?
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Cell integrity
Heartbeat
what can a deficiency in potassium lead too?
dehydration
what can an iodine deficiency lead to?
goiter or cretinism (retardation in infants)
this mineral is important in the production of myoglobin and hemoglobin?
iron
T/F, iron carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
T
where is iron stored?
in bone marrow
what two factors promote the absorption of nonheme iron from other foods?
MFP factor and vitamin C
what hinders iron absorption?
Calcium, phosphorus, tea, coffee, tanins, phytates, and fiber can also do this
what can an iron deficiency lead too?
anemia
this mineral works with protein in every organ and produces active form of vitamin A
zinc
this mineral is not essential to life, but helps with oral health and can be obtained through drinking water
fluoride
