Chapter 8 Water and Minerals

Question 1

What are the four shortfall nutrients?

Answer 1

Calcium, potassium, magnesium, and iron

Question 2

What is the most indispensable nutrient?

Answer 2

water

Question 3

T/F, water is the universal solvent?

Answer 3

T

Question 4

T/F, water provides lubrication, cushioning, and acts as a cleansing agent and coolant?

Answer 4

T

Question 5

T/F, the hypothalamus sends signal to pituitary gland to send signal to kidneys to reabsorb more water?

Answer 5

T

Question 6

T/F, Dehydration is the most common cause of hospitalization for the elderly?

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T/F, Water follows salt

Answer 7

T

Question 8

T/F, Water helps maintain electrolyte balance and acid-base balance

Answer 8

T

Question 9

what are the four sources of water?

Answer 9

surface water, groundwater, desalination, and bottled water

Question 10

this is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Answer 10

calcium

Question 11

how does calcium maintain balance in the body?

Answer 11

PTH and Vitamin D

Question 12

this is the second most abundant mineral in the body?

Answer 12

phosphorus

Question 13

where is the majority of phosphorus found in the body?

Answer 13

bones and teeth

Question 14

what is the role of phosphorus?

Answer 14

Aids in extraction of energy from nutrients

Component of phospholipids of cell membranes

Question 15

this mineral is the major part of fluid and electrolyte balance?

Answer 15

sodium

Question 16

what type of balance does sodium maintain?

Answer 16

acid base balance

Question 17

what is hyponatremia?

Answer 17

Too little sodium/too much water

Question 18

what is the relationship between sodium and blood pressure?

Answer 18

Direct relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure, this can influence hypertension

Question 19

this mineral is a positively charged ion inside the cells?

Answer 19

potassium

Question 20

what are the roles of potassium?

Answer 20

Fluid and electrolyte balance
Cell integrity
Heartbeat

Question 21

what can a deficiency in potassium lead too?

Answer 21

dehydration

Question 22

what can an iodine deficiency lead to?

Answer 22

goiter or cretinism (retardation in infants)

Question 23

this mineral is important in the production of myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Answer 23

iron

Question 24

T/F, iron carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Answer 24

T

Question 25

where is iron stored?

Answer 25

in bone marrow

Question 26

what two factors promote the absorption of nonheme iron from other foods?

Answer 26

MFP factor and vitamin C

Question 27

what hinders iron absorption?

Answer 27

Calcium, phosphorus, tea, coffee, tanins, phytates, and fiber can also do this

Question 28

what can an iron deficiency lead too?

Answer 28

anemia

Question 29

this mineral works with protein in every organ and produces active form of vitamin A

Answer 29

zinc

Question 30

this mineral is not essential to life, but helps with oral health and can be obtained through drinking water

Answer 30

fluoride