Chapter 8- Social Processes,Attitudes, and Behavior

Question 1

Social Facilitation

Answer 1

The tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around

Question 2

Yerkes-Dodson Law of Social Facilitation

Answer 2

Being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal and enhance the ability to perform tasks when is already good at. Hinders performance of more complex or less familiar tasks.

Question 3

Deindividuation

Answer 3

Loss of self-awareness in large groups which can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Question 4

Bystander Effect

Answer 4

Describes the observation that one in a group individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need

Question 5

Peer Pressure

Answer 5

Social influence plays on individuals by others they consider equals

Question 6

Group Polarization

Answer 6

The tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more EXTREME than the thoughts of the individual group members

Question 7

Groupthink

Answer 7

Tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within a group without considering outside ideas.

Ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform and remain loyal to the group.

Desire for group harmony often results in an incorrect or poor decision.

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

Beliefs ideas behaviors actions and characteristics of a group or society of people

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

The process by which a group or individual culture begins to melt into another culture.

Also refers to incorporating organ coding new information into existing schema

Question 10

Multiculturalism

Answer 10

Encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

Question 11

Subcultures

Answer 11

Refers to a group of people within a culture that distinguish himself from the primary culture to which they belong.

Subcultures can be formed based on race gender ethnic city sexuality and other differentiating factors from the hole of a society. 


Question 12

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 12

Simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinions generally leads to an internal state of discomfort would be manifest as anxiety fear anger or confusion.

Question 13

Socialization

Answer 13

The process of developing in spreading norms, customs and beliefs.

Can be broken down into primary socialization which occurs during childhood. During this time children learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society. Secondary socialization is the process of learning appropriate behavior with smaller sections of the largest society.

This type of socialization occurs outside of the home based on learning the rules of specific social environments. Example school or church.

Question 14

Norms

Answer 14

What determines the boundaries of acceptable behaviors within society.

Right vs wrong

Question 15

Stigma

Answer 15

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 16

Deviance

Answer 16

Refers to any violation of norms rules or expectations within a society

Question 17

Conformity

Answer 17

Changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Question 18

Compliance

Answer 18

Occurs when individuals change your behavior based on the request of others.

Methods of gaining compliance include foot in the door technique, door in the face technique, lowball technique, that’s not all technique.

Question 19

Obedience

Answer 19

Changing behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

Question 20

Foot in the door technique

Question 21

Door in the face technique

Question 22

Lowball technique

Question 23

That’s not all technique

Question 24

Mores

Answer 24

Widely observed social norms

Right vs weird 

Question 25

Taboo

Answer 25

Socially unacceptable, disgusting, reprehensible. Behavior that is outside of the norm. 

Question 26

Components of Attitude

Answer 26

ABC. Affective: The way a person feels towards some thing “ snake scare me and I love my family.”
Behavioral- The way a person acts with respect to something. “ avoiding snakes and spending time with one’s family.”
Cognitive- “ The way in individual things about some thing. “Knowing the snakes can be dangerous and poisonous provides a reason to be afraid of snakes and avoid them.”

Question 27

Attitudes

Answer 27

Tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of some thing

Question 28

Functional attitudes theory

Answer 28

Attitudes serve four functions for individuals in life:

knowledge- provides consistency and stability, helps provide organization to thoughts and experiences. Example predicting that in individual who cares about political action would vote in an upcoming election.

ego expression- Allow us to communicate and solidify our self identity. Example wearing a heart to support your favorite sports team.

adaptability- One will be accepted if socially acceptable attitudes are expressed.

ego defense- Attitude or ego defensive if they protect our self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong. Example a child who has difficulty doing math may develop a negative attitude towards the subject.

Question 29

Learning theory

Answer 29

Attitudes are developed through forms of learning example direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, conditioning

Question 30

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 30

Separates individuals on a continuum based on their processing of persuasive information. (central route processing- deep thinking vs peripheral route processing-superficial details)

Question 31

Central route processing

Answer 31

Individuals who use central route processing to process persuasive information think deeply about information, scrutinizes meaning and purpose, draw conclusions and make decisions based on this thought.

Question 32

Peripheral route processing

Answer 32

Those who do not elaborate focusing on superficial details such as the appearance of the person delivering the argument, catchphrases and slogans, and credibility.

Question 33

Social cognitive theory

Answer 33

People learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behaviors of others.

Question 34

Banderas Triadic Reciprocal Causation

Answer 34

Used to explain how behavior, personal factors and environments play into the social cognitive theory. These three factors influence each other and do not work independently.