Chapter 8- Social Processes,Attitudes, and Behavior Flashcards
Social Facilitation
The tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around
Yerkes-Dodson Law of Social Facilitation
Being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal and enhance the ability to perform tasks when is already good at. Hinders performance of more complex or less familiar tasks.
Deindividuation
Loss of self-awareness in large groups which can lead to drastic changes in behavior
Bystander Effect
Describes the observation that one in a group individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need
Peer Pressure
Social influence plays on individuals by others they consider equals
Group Polarization
The tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more EXTREME than the thoughts of the individual group members
Groupthink
Tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within a group without considering outside ideas.
Ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform and remain loyal to the group.
Desire for group harmony often results in an incorrect or poor decision.
Culture
Beliefs ideas behaviors actions and characteristics of a group or society of people
Assimilation
The process by which a group or individual culture begins to melt into another culture.
Also refers to incorporating organ coding new information into existing schema
Multiculturalism
Encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity
Subcultures
Refers to a group of people within a culture that distinguish himself from the primary culture to which they belong.
Subcultures can be formed based on race gender ethnic city sexuality and other differentiating factors from the hole of a society. 

Cognitive dissonance
Simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinions generally leads to an internal state of discomfort would be manifest as anxiety fear anger or confusion.
Socialization
The process of developing in spreading norms, customs and beliefs.
Can be broken down into primary socialization which occurs during childhood. During this time children learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society. Secondary socialization is the process of learning appropriate behavior with smaller sections of the largest society.
This type of socialization occurs outside of the home based on learning the rules of specific social environments. Example school or church.
Norms
What determines the boundaries of acceptable behaviors within society.
Right vs wrong
Stigma
Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society
Deviance
Refers to any violation of norms rules or expectations within a society
Conformity
Changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society
Compliance
Occurs when individuals change your behavior based on the request of others.
Methods of gaining compliance include foot in the door technique, door in the face technique, lowball technique, that’s not all technique.
Obedience
Changing behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure
Foot in the door technique
Door in the face technique
Lowball technique
That’s not all technique
Mores
Widely observed social norms
Right vs weird 
Taboo
Socially unacceptable, disgusting, reprehensible. Behavior that is outside of the norm. 
Components of Attitude
ABC. Affective: The way a person feels towards some thing “ snake scare me and I love my family.”
Behavioral- The way a person acts with respect to something. “ avoiding snakes and spending time with one’s family.”
Cognitive- “ The way in individual things about some thing. “Knowing the snakes can be dangerous and poisonous provides a reason to be afraid of snakes and avoid them.”
Attitudes
Tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of some thing
Functional attitudes theory
Attitudes serve four functions for individuals in life:
knowledge- provides consistency and stability, helps provide organization to thoughts and experiences. Example predicting that in individual who cares about political action would vote in an upcoming election.
ego expression- Allow us to communicate and solidify our self identity. Example wearing a heart to support your favorite sports team.
adaptability- One will be accepted if socially acceptable attitudes are expressed.

ego defense- Attitude or ego defensive if they protect our self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong. Example a child who has difficulty doing math may develop a negative attitude towards the subject.
Learning theory
Attitudes are developed through forms of learning example direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, conditioning
Elaboration likelihood model
Separates individuals on a continuum based on their processing of persuasive information. (central route processing- deep thinking vs peripheral route processing-superficial details)
Central route processing
Individuals who use central route processing to process persuasive information think deeply about information, scrutinizes meaning and purpose, draw conclusions and make decisions based on this thought.
Peripheral route processing
Those who do not elaborate focusing on superficial details such as the appearance of the person delivering the argument, catchphrases and slogans, and credibility.
Social cognitive theory
People learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behaviors of others.
Banderas Triadic Reciprocal Causation
Used to explain how behavior, personal factors and environments play into the social cognitive theory. These three factors influence each other and do not work independently.
