Chapter 10- Social Thinking Flashcards
Interpersonal Attraction
What makes people like each other and is influenced by multiple factors including physical attractiveness, similarity of attitudes etc, self disclosure, reciprocity, proximity.
Self disclosure
Characteristic of interpersonal attraction.
Include sharing fears, thoughts and goals with another person and being met with empathy and non-judgment.
Reciprocity
Contributes to interpersonal attraction. In which we like people who think like us.
Proximity
Contributes to interpersonal attraction. Being physically close to someone makes you like them.
Proximity
Contributes to interpersonal attraction. Being physically close to someone makes you like them.
Aggression
Physical verbal or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance.
Attachment
An emotional bond to another person. Usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver. Four types of attachment include secure attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment, disorganized attachment.
Attachment
An emotional bond to another person. Usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver. Four types of attachment include secure attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment, disorganized attachment.
Secure attachment
Requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore new here she has a secure base to return to.
Child will show strong preference for the caregiver.
Avoidant attachment
Occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed crying child.
The child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers.
Ambivalent attachment
Occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately sometimes neglectful.
The child will become distressed when the caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns.
Disorganized attachment
Occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive the child shows no clear pattern of behavior in spots for caregivers absence or presence and make sure repetitive behaviors.
Social support
The perception of reality that one is cared for by The Social Network.
Types of social support include emotional support, esteem support, material support, informational support, network support.
Emotional support
Type of social support. Includes listening to affirming and empathizing with someone’s feelings.
Material support
Providing physical or monetary resources to aid a person.
Informational support
Providing useful information to a person
Network support
providing a sense of belonging to a person
Foraging
Searching for and exploiting food resources
Mating system
Describes a way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior. Examples include monogamy, polygamy, promiscuity
Monogamy
Consist of exclusive mating relationships
Polygamy
Consists of one member of of a sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex including polygyny (a male with multiple females) polyandry (female with multiple males)
Promiscuity
Allows one member of one Sax to meet with any member of the opposite sex without exclusivity
Mate Choice/Intersexual selection
Selection of a meat based on attraction and traits
Altruism
Form of helping behavior in which the persons intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself.
Game theory
Attempts to explain decision-making between individuals as if they are participating in a game
Inclusive fitness
A measure of an organism success in the population.
Based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring and the ability of the offspring to then support others.
Social perception or social cognition
The way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environments. Contains a perceiver target and situation (social context).
Implicit personality theory
People make assumptions about how different types of people their traits and their behavior are related.
Example: stereotyping
Primacy effect
Primacy effect: when first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions.
Recency effect
Recency effect: when the most recent information we have about an individual is the most important informing her impressions.
Reliance on central traits
Tendency to organize a perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver.
Based on impulsive personality theory.
Halo effect
When judgments of an individuals character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual.
Can be impacted by traits such as attractiveness etc
Just word hypothesis
The tendency of an individual to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
Self-serving bias
The first of the fact that individuals will be their own successes as being based on internal factors while viewing failures as being based on external factors
Attribution theory
Focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior
Example: dispositional (internal) or situational (external)
Dispositional (internal) causes
Causes that are related to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered
Situational (external) causes
Causes that are related to features of the surroundings or social context
Correspondant inference theory
When an individual unexpectedly performs a behavior that helps or hurts as we tend to explain the behavior by dispositional attribution.
Thus we may correlate these unexpected actions with the persons personality.
Fundamental attribution error
The bias toward making dispositional attribution rather than situational attributions in regards to the actions of others
Attribute substitution
Occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic
Attributes are highly influenced by
Culture in which one resides
Stereotypes
When attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or group of individuals.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Stereotypes can lead to expectations of a certain group which can create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype
Prejudice
Irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person group or thing prior to an actual experience
Ethnocentrism
Refers to the practice of making judgments about others cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture.
In group versus outgroup
In group refers to a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging.
Out group for social group with which an individual does not identify.
Cultural relativism
Refers to the recognition of social groups and culture should be studied on their own terms
Recognizing that the differences in cultures are not right versus wrong but just differences between cultures.
Discrimination
When prejudiced attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others
Individual discrimination versus institutional discrimination
Individual discrimination refers to one person discriminating against a particular person or group.
Institutional discrimination refers to the discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution.
