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Psych/Soc > Chapter 10- Social Thinking > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Social Thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

Interpersonal Attraction

A

What makes people like each other and is influenced by multiple factors including physical attractiveness, similarity of attitudes etc, self disclosure, reciprocity, proximity.

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2
Q

Self disclosure

A

Characteristic of interpersonal attraction.

Include sharing fears, thoughts and goals with another person and being met with empathy and non-judgment.

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3
Q

Reciprocity

A

Contributes to interpersonal attraction. In which we like people who think like us.

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4
Q

Proximity

A

Contributes to interpersonal attraction. Being physically close to someone makes you like them.

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5
Q

Proximity

A

Contributes to interpersonal attraction. Being physically close to someone makes you like them.

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6
Q

Aggression

A

Physical verbal or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance.

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7
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional bond to another person. Usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver. Four types of attachment include secure attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment, disorganized attachment.

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8
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional bond to another person. Usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver. Four types of attachment include secure attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment, disorganized attachment.

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9
Q

Secure attachment

A

Requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore new here she has a secure base to return to.

Child will show strong preference for the caregiver.

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10
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

Occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed crying child.

The child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers.

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11
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

Occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately sometimes neglectful.

The child will become distressed when the caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns.

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12
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

Occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive the child shows no clear pattern of behavior in spots for caregivers absence or presence and make sure repetitive behaviors.

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13
Q

Social support

A

The perception of reality that one is cared for by The Social Network.

Types of social support include emotional support, esteem support, material support, informational support, network support.

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14
Q

Emotional support

A

Type of social support. Includes listening to affirming and empathizing with someone’s feelings.

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15
Q

Material support

A

Providing physical or monetary resources to aid a person.

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16
Q

Informational support

A

Providing useful information to a person

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17
Q

Network support

A

providing a sense of belonging to a person

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18
Q

Foraging

A

Searching for and exploiting food resources

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19
Q

Mating system

A

Describes a way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior. Examples include monogamy, polygamy, promiscuity

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20
Q

Monogamy

A

Consist of exclusive mating relationships

21
Q

Polygamy

A

Consists of one member of of a sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex including polygyny (a male with multiple females) polyandry (female with multiple males)

22
Q

Promiscuity

A

Allows one member of one Sax to meet with any member of the opposite sex without exclusivity

23
Q

Mate Choice/Intersexual selection

A

Selection of a meat based on attraction and traits

24
Q

Altruism

A

Form of helping behavior in which the persons intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself.

25
Q

Game theory

A

Attempts to explain decision-making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

26
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

A measure of an organism success in the population.

Based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring and the ability of the offspring to then support others.

27
Q

Social perception or social cognition

A

The way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environments. Contains a perceiver target and situation (social context).

28
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

People make assumptions about how different types of people their traits and their behavior are related.

Example: stereotyping

29
Q

Primacy effect

A

Primacy effect: when first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions.

30
Q

Recency effect

A

Recency effect: when the most recent information we have about an individual is the most important informing her impressions.

31
Q

Reliance on central traits

A

Tendency to organize a perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver.

Based on impulsive personality theory.

32
Q

Halo effect

A

When judgments of an individuals character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual.

Can be impacted by traits such as attractiveness etc

33
Q

Just word hypothesis

A

The tendency of an individual to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

34
Q

Self-serving bias

A

The first of the fact that individuals will be their own successes as being based on internal factors while viewing failures as being based on external factors

35
Q

Attribution theory

A

Focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

Example: dispositional (internal) or situational (external)

36
Q

Dispositional (internal) causes

A

Causes that are related to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered

37
Q

Situational (external) causes

A

Causes that are related to features of the surroundings or social context

38
Q

Correspondant inference theory

A

When an individual unexpectedly performs a behavior that helps or hurts as we tend to explain the behavior by dispositional attribution.

Thus we may correlate these unexpected actions with the persons personality.

39
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The bias toward making dispositional attribution rather than situational attributions in regards to the actions of others

40
Q

Attribute substitution

A

Occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic

41
Q

Attributes are highly influenced by

A

Culture in which one resides

42
Q

Stereotypes

A

When attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or group of individuals.

43
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Stereotypes can lead to expectations of a certain group which can create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype

44
Q

Prejudice

A

Irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person group or thing prior to an actual experience

45
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Refers to the practice of making judgments about others cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture.

46
Q

In group versus outgroup

A

In group refers to a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging.

Out group for social group with which an individual does not identify.

47
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Refers to the recognition of social groups and culture should be studied on their own terms

Recognizing that the differences in cultures are not right versus wrong but just differences between cultures.

48
Q

Discrimination

A

When prejudiced attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others

49
Q

Individual discrimination versus institutional discrimination

A

Individual discrimination refers to one person discriminating against a particular person or group.

Institutional discrimination refers to the discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution.

Psych/Soc (9 decks)

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