chapter 8 skeletal muscle

Question 1

what are the three purposes of the joint

• what is the strength like?
• what is articulation
• what are the 2 functions

Answer 1

Weakest parts of the skeleton
 Articulation – site where two or more bones meet
 Functions of joints
- Give the skeleton mobility
- Hold the skeleton together

Question 2

The three structural classifications of the joint are?

Answer 2

Fibrous- immovable
 Cartilaginous
 Synovial-freely moveable

Question 3

The three functional (moving) classes of joints are:

Answer 3

Synarthroses – immovable
 Amphiarthroses – slightly movable
 Diarthroses – freely movabl

Question 4

Fibrous joints & examples

Answer 4

 Bones joined by fibrous tissues
 No joint cavity
 Mostly immovable
 Examples:
 Sutures between bones of skull
 Connection between the tibia and fibula (syndesmoses)
 Connection between the radius and ulna
 Tooth in alveolar socket (“peg-in-socket” joint, or gomphosis)

Question 5

Cartilaginous joints & examples:

Answer 5

Articulating bones united by cartilage
 No joint cavity
 Examples:
 Epiphyseal plates of children (hyaline cartilage, synchondroses)
 Costal cartilage of 1st rib and sternum (synchondroses)
 Intervertebral joints (symphyses, which consists of fibrocartilage)
 Pubic symphysis

Question 6

Synovial joints characteristics & examples

Answer 6

 joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity
All are freely movable (diarthroses)
 Examples – all limb joints, and most joints of the body

Question 7

synovial joint cushions
flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial
fluid

Answer 7

Bursae

Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

Question 8

synovial joint cushions

Fibrocartilaginous stabilizing pads within the knee joint

Answer 8

Menisci

Question 9

synovial joint cushions

elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

Answer 9

Tendon sheath

Question 10

what is it called when muscle attachment to the immovable bone

Answer 10

origin

Question 11

what is it called when muscle attachment to the movable bone

Answer 11

insertion

Question 12

Movements at Synovial Joints:

One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface is called

Answer 12

gliding

Question 13

Movements at Synovial Joints:

bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint is called

Answer 13

flexion

Question 14

Movements at Synovial Joints:

opposite of flexion; joint angle is increased is called

Answer 14

extension

Question 15

Movements at Synovial Joints:

back ward flexion of hand/feet, toes pointing up

Answer 15

dorsiflexion

Question 16

Movements at Synovial Joints:

toes or foot flex downward toward sole

Answer 16

plantar flexion

Question 17

Movements at Synovial Joints:

movement away from the midline of the body

Answer 17

abduction

Question 18

Movements at Synovial Joints:

movement toward the midline

Answer 18

adduction

Question 19

Movements at Synovial Joints
circular movement whereby the movement describes a cone (distal end of an
appendage describes a circle

Answer 19

Circumduction

Question 20

Movements at Synovial Joints

circular movement whereby a bone or body part turns around its own long axis

Answer 20

rotation

Question 21

Movements at Synovial Joints
specific to forearm/hand; rotation of the forearm, such that the palm of the hand face
forward (thumbs thumb lateral

Answer 21

supination

Question 22

Movements at Synovial Joints
forearm rotates to face the palm of the hand backward (thumb
medial)

Answer 22

pronation

Question 23

Movements at Synovial Joints

sole of foot faces more medially

Answer 23

Inversion

Question 24

Movements at Synovial Joints

sole of foot is faced more laterally

Answer 24

Eversion

Question 25

Movements at Synovial Joints

anterior movement of mandible

Answer 25

Protraction

Question 26

Movements at Synovial Joints

posterior movement of mandible

Answer 26

Retraction

Question 27

Movements at Synovial Joints

to move superiorly (shrugging shoulders upward; mandible rises)

Answer 27

Elevation

Question 28

Movements at Synovial Joints

to move inferiorly (lowering shoulders; mandible drops)

Answer 28

Depression

Question 29

Movements at Synovial Joints

touch thumb to other fingertips

Answer 29

opposition