chapter 5 Integumentary

Question 1

the skin provides ? with chemical, physical and biological barriers from:

Answer 1

protection

Question 2

skin provides protection from ?

Answer 2

 mechanical damage
 pathogens
 environmental toxins
 harmful UV radiation
 excessive water loss

Question 3

regulation of body temperature through control of peripheral blood flow, sweating, and pilo-erection

Answer 3

thermoregulation

Question 4

heat, cold, pain, and deep and light pressure receptors are abundant as cutaneous sensory receptors

Answer 4

sensation

Question 5

vitamin D, when the skin is stimulated by sunlight

Answer 5

synthesis

Question 6

incidental elimination of water, salts & urea through sweat secreted for temperature regulation

Answer 6

excretion

Question 7

The skins consists of two major layers that are?

Answer 7

the deeper dermis (‘true skin’)

and the more superficial epidermis.

Question 8

Below the skin is the subcutaneous layer known as ? and is technically not part of the skin but associated with it

Answer 8

hypodermis (superficial fascia loose connective tissue),

Question 9

hypodermis consists of what kind of cell/tissue common in the subcutaneous layer and which functions to store excess food energy, cushion the body, and help to insulate the body against excessive heat loss.

Answer 9

adipose tissue

Question 10

The dermis has two sub layers called

Answer 10

reticular layer and papillary layer

Question 11

the deepest sub layer of the dermis that adheres to the subcutaneous layer and is thicker 80% of the dermis is called

Answer 11

reticular layer

Question 12

reticular layer consists of what kind of tissue

Answer 12

dense irregular, connective tissue

Question 13

what kind of glands are associated with the reticular layer?

Answer 13

sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands.

Question 14

this sublayer is adjacent to the epidermis and thinner

Answer 14

papillary

Question 15

papillary layer consists of what kind of tissue

Answer 15

loose connective tissue

Question 16

what kind of irregulatories are shown with the papillary layer?

Answer 16

(ridges and papillae) often are reflected as irregularities in the surface of the epidermis, above (e.g., finger prints and texture of skin).

Question 17

is the outermost layer of the skin and Skin appendages are derivatives from the

Answer 17

epidermis

Question 18

what kind of tissue is the epidermis and literally means “many layers of flattened cells.”

Answer 18

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

the epidermis lacks what compared to the other layers?

Answer 19

lacks nerves endings and blood vessels, and the cells

in the outer sublayers are dead.

Question 20

how do the cells die in the epidermis?

Answer 20

cells die as they are pushed outward by mitotic cell division in
the deepest sublayer and the cell become further removed from blood capillaries in the dermis.

Question 21

The deepest to most superficial sublayers of the epidermis include: (5)

Answer 21

 Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 22

Deepest sublayer of the epidermis, which adheres to the basement membrane and papillary layer of the
dermis. also known as the bottom layer and is responsible for cell division and replacement?

Answer 22

Stratum basale

Question 23

what kind of cells are active in the stratum basale layer

Answer 23

mitotic cell division, due to the cells being pushed out from the epidermis

Question 24

melanocytes are present in which sublayer of the epidermis

Answer 24

stratum basale

Question 25

When exposed to sunlight, what is more active | in their production of the pigment called melanin.

Answer 25

melanocytes

Question 26

what shields the DNA of keratinocytes and provides protection against UV radiation

Answer 26

melanin

Question 27

epidermis sublayer that is Superficial to the stratum basale

Answer 27

Stratum spinosum

Question 28

stratum spinosum gets its name from the appearance of the cells on the microscope that look liks?

Answer 28

(shrinkage of cells, but with cell-tocell | attachment at desmosomes gives some of its cells a “spiny” appearance).

Question 29

A granular sublayer superficial to the stratum spinosum

Answer 29

Stratum granulosum

Question 30

what layer does keratinization process begin

Answer 30

Stratum granulosum

Question 31

A relatively clear (“lucid”) sublayer layer. Generally, only visible in the thicker parts of the epidermis (palms of hands and fingers and plantar surface of foot).

Answer 31

Stratum lucidum

Question 32

sublayer that consists of Cornified cells, closely packed and flattened cells that are full of a protein called keratin

Answer 32

Stratum corneum

Question 33

Hair and nails (appendages of the skin) develop from what layer of skin

Answer 33

epidermis

Question 34

another name for sweat glands

Answer 34

Sudoriferous glands

Question 35

most common type of sweat gland, primary function is | evaporative cooling and thermoregulation that is part of the Sudoriferous glands

Answer 35

eccrine sweat glands

Question 36

sweat gland found in the axillary, anogenital and areolar region/anal that is part of the Sudoriferous glands

Answer 36

apocrine sweat glands

Question 37

modified apocrine sweat gland that produces cerumen (ear wax) that is part of the Sudoriferous glands

Answer 37

ceruminous glands

Question 38

gland produce milk that is part of the Sudoriferous glands

Answer 38

mammary glands

Question 39

another name for oil glands that is found throughout the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Answer 39

Sebaceous glands

Question 40

sebaceous glands produce ? which coats/lubricates skin and hair, helps keep skin moist, creates a water proof barrier and inhibits bacterial growth

Answer 40

Sebum

Question 41

Explain why a superficial skin scrape (such as a paper cut) doesn't bleed

Answer 41

The epidermis is nonvascularized. There are no blood vessels in this layer of the skin

Question 42

How do nutrients reach the epidermis of the skin?

Answer 42

Diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis.

Question 43

What stands hairs on end, causing piloerection?

Answer 43

arrector pili muscle

Question 44

The cuticle around a nail is the:

Answer 44

eponychium.

Question 45

Janet fell and skinned her knee. The scrape did not bleed. Damage must have only happened to the:

Answer 45

epidermis