Chapter 8 Revolution Aftermath (Constitution)

Question 1

Constitutional Convention

Answer 1

1. At first, the purpose was to fix the flawed Articles of Confederation
2. But then decided to scrap the paper and start a whole new constitution

Question 2

What was the constitution about?

Answer 2

The balance of power
- National vs. state
- Executive vs. legislative vs. judicial

Question 3

Articles of Confederation

Answer 3

1. First constitution
2. Showed to France to make it seem America had a genuine government in the making
3. Poured only into legislative, wanted to no executive

Question 4

Congress

Answer 4

1. Hobbled, shackled
2. Each state has one single vote for all people
   - Designed to be weak
   - Wanted no parliament
   - One 1/4 times were their requests to state approved
   - unanimity was hard to reach

Question 5

Old Northwest

Answer 5

1. Ohio River Valley area
2. Many states thought they had the right to it

Question 6

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 6

1. Said that the old Northwest area should be sold and the money would be used for national debt
2. Red Letter laws

Question 7

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 7

1. Abolished slavery in this area
2. Could become a state if enough people moved
   - Came to grips with the problem of how a nation should deal with their colonies

Question 8

Easy States

Answer 8

1. Some states lowered tariffs on purpose to make more trade with other countries

Question 9

Pirates (Dey of Algiers)

Answer 9

1. America no longer had the British paying for the pirates to stay away so they got plundered

Question 10

John Jay

Answer 10

1. Secretary for foreign affairs
2. Helped with federalist papers

Question 11

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 11

1. Caused by impoverished back country farmers were losing their farms
   - Enclosure, no money to pay back debt and thrown into jail when they haven’t even been paid for their service
2. Caused fear within the states and realized the weakness in the articles of confederation
   - Lead by Daniel Shay

Question 12

“Demigods”

Answer 12

1. the people attending the constitutional convention, lawyers, the wealthiest of the wealth
2. 55 delegates
   - George Washington
   - Ben Franklin
   - James Madison
   - Hamilton

Question 13

Virginia’s large state plan

Answer 13

1. Representation in Congress was based on population
2. Would give the larger states more power

Question 14

New Jersey’s small state plan

Answer 14

1. Representation in Congress was equal votes per state
2. Would give the smaller states more power

Question 15

Great Compromise

Answer 15

1. Compromise between New Jersey and Virginia plans
2. Created two houses, bicameral, Senate and house of representatives (Virginia) and Senate (NJ)

Question 16

Common Law

Answer 16

1. Made it unnecessary to be specific about every conceivable detail in the constitution
2. Provided flexible guide to broad laws

Question 17

Civil Law

Answer 17

1. Constitutions took the form of elaborate legal codes
2. Structuring systems around civil cases, like divorce

Question 18

3/5 Compromise

Answer 18

1. South wanted to count slaves as population (only to give themselves more power) but North challenged them
2. So one slave counted as 3/5 of a person

Question 19

Electoral college

Answer 19

1. All representatives of the state had to vote for whoever the majority of the state had voted for
2. Elected president indirectly
3. Acted as a buffer in between the people and the government

Question 20

How did society change a bit to become more equal?

Answer 20

• Mr and Mrs
• Reduced land requirement to vote
• more rights for women but not totally
• republican motherhood
• Pennsylvania abolishes NEW slavery, old slaves are still slaves
• Some southern individuals decide to free some chattel

Question 21

Commerce Clause

Answer 21

Government can regulate tax and trade within the state or foreign

Question 22

Anti Federalists vs. Federalists

Answer 22

1. Stronger Gov: F(pro), AF(anti)
2. 3 branches: F(pro), AF(anti)
3. AF had less newspaper support so less propaganda
4. F had support of George Washington, Ben Franklin, and power + influence

Question 23

The Federalist Papers

Answer 23

1. Written by Alex Hamilton, John, Jay, James Madison
2. Propaganda in the form of commentary written on the constitution
   - Famous article No. 10
   - Refuted the conventional wisdom of the day that it was impossible to extend a Republican form of gov

Question 24

Society of Cincinnati

Answer 24

1. An exclusive group of army men that were ridiculed by society because they were like “oh you’re so high and mighty”
2. Contained hereditary order

Question 25

How was the democracy simulated

Answer 25

By the growth of trade organizations for artisans and laborers

Question 26

Protestant Episcopal Church

Answer 26

1. The Anglican church de-anglicanized (reformed)
2. Disestablished

Question 27

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Answer 27

1. Thomas Jefferson + co-reformers created this
2. Statement about freedom consciousness and the principle of separation of church and state

Question 28

Civic Virtue

Answer 28

1. Central idea of republicanism
2. Notion that democracy depends on the unselfish commitment of the citizens for the public

Question 29

Republican Motherhood

Answer 29

1. Based on the idea of selfless motherhood
   - Model of proper Republican behavior
2. Elevated women into a prestigious role where they were keepers of the nation’s conscious
   - educational opportunities for women expanded
   - only for wealthy women
   - they needed to be educated in order for them to educate their sons