Chapter 7 America Secedes from the Empire 1775-1783

Question 1

2nd Continental Congress

Answer 1

1. Met in Philadelphia 1775
2. All 13 colonies present
   - Conservative element is the Boston bloodshed

Question 2

George Washington

Answer 2

1. Selected to march down to Boston
2. Colonel, but not too good of an army mind but he had great leadership and character

Question 3

Ethan Allen + Benedict Arnold

Answer 3

2. Led a small American force
3. Captured British garrisons
   - Priceless store of gun powder and artillery for British now gone

Question 4

Bunker Hill

Answer 4

1. Seized by colonists in 1775, June
2. Menaced their enemies but lost the will to the British

Question 5

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 5

1. Continental Congress adopted this, professing loyalty to the crow + begged King George III to prevent future hostilities
2. King George III shut them down

Question 6

Hessians

Answer 6

1. European mercenaries
2. Hired German troops to crush the rebellious subjects

Question 7

What creates a new colony?

Answer 7

• America makes an assault on Canada + creates Maine

Question 8

Common Sense

Answer 8

1. By Thomas Paine
2. Influential pamphlets
3. Treatise on gov. nature + declaration

Question 9

Republicanism

Answer 9

1. Seen as an end to hereditary aristocracy
2. Still wanted social hierarchy
3. Conservative republics feared the longing for liberty would shake social stabilitiy

Question 10

Richard Henry Lee

Answer 10

1. Thought the colonies should be free + independent
   - Motion was adopted
2. Created formal “declaration” of independence

Question 11

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 11

1. Selected to draft a more formal statement of separation
2. Recognized as a brilliant writer

Question 12

Declaration of INdependence

Answer 12

1. July 4, 1776 approved
2. Natural rights taken away by British so colonies should revolt (social contract)

Question 13

Declaration of the Rights of man

Answer 13

1. A declaration 13 years later
2. French

Question 14

Loyalists vs. Patriots

Answer 14

1. Loyalists loyal to the king and fought patriots -> 16%
   - called tories
2. Patriots rebelled and fought the British redcoats
   - called whigs

Question 15

What were the impacts of these loyalist and patriot divisions?

Answer 15

• some colonists remained neutral
• families often split/argued
• Ben F. supported patriots while his son supported loualists
• often older people were loyalists and yougner were rebels
• loyalists more where anglican church was stronger
• loyalist served as spies
• they were subject to brutality + cruelty

Question 16

Battle of LongIsland

Answer 16

1. Washington vs. British
   - outnumbered him
2. America lost
   - British fleet, a lot of ships

Question 17

Trenton

Answer 17

1. Washington surprised + captured Hessians sleeping after drunk from Christmas celebration
2. Crossed the Delaware River, took advantage of Christmas party + sleeping
   - later inflicted defeat on BRitain at PRinceton by Washington
   - he got emerging army skills

Question 18

What was the British plan?

Answer 18

to capture Hudson Bay River area and cut off new england

Question 19

General John Burgoyne

Answer 19

1. Lead a BRitish plan to capture hudson
2. Had to cut a path thru the forest but the American men began to gather around his men

Question 20

General William Howe

Answer 20

1. George’s adversary
2. Instead of helping Burgoyne, he marched to Phildeplhia to attack
   - Rebel captain
   - later learned that he wanted to force general engagement w/ washington’s army, destroy it _ leave path open for Burgoyne

Question 21

Saratoga

Answer 21

1. A battle that ranks high among decisive battles
2. The victory revived the falling American moral
   - Burgoyne surrendered
   - Needed foreign help from France
   - Helped American independence

Question 22

Model Treaty

Answer 22

1. Crafted by Continental confress
2. Guide Americans sent to French court
   - John Adams one of Chief speakers
3. Principles: no politcal connection, no military connection, only commercial connection

Question 23

Who joined who’s side?

Answer 23

For Britain:
- Senecas
- Mohawks
- Cayugas
- Onondagas
For America:
- Spain
- France
- Holland
- Oneidas
- Tuscaroras

Question 24

General BEnedict Arnold

Answer 24

1. American morale staggered when he betrayed
2. HE plotted to sell the key stronghold of West point which commanded Hudson River but plan got found out
   - HE escaped to British

Question 25

General Nathanael Greene

Answer 25

1. Quaker-reared tactics 2. He had the strategy of delay: stood then retreated, exhausting enemies

Question 26

Treaty of Fort Stanwix:

Answer 26

1. 1st Treaty btwn US + Iroquois 2. Indians ceded most of their land

Question 27

George Rogers Clark

Answer 27

1. Led an attack on the Ohio River valley and captured many forts 2. Frontiersman

Question 28

Privateers

Answer 28

1. More damaging than regular American navy 2. Privately owned armed ships - Legalized pirates

Question 29

Yorktown

Answer 29

1. In Chesapeake bay 2. General Cornwallis was ambushed here - set as a trap

Question 30

John Jay

Answer 30

1. Suscipsiou of French real intentions 2. Secretly made separate overtures to London

Question 31

When was Preliminary Treaty of peace signed?

Answer 31

1782 (right before the actual Treaty)

Question 32

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 32

1. British recognized independence of US - Granted generous boundaries 2. Americans could not execute loyalists - Congress could only recommend to the state legislative that loyalist property should be returned - natives left out of negotiations