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APUSH > Chapter 6: Road to Rev. 1754-1775 > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Road to Rev. 1754-1775 Flashcards

1
Q

King William’s War + Queen Anne’s War

A
  1. First two Anglo-French wars
  2. British vs. French couriers de bois
  3. Started in Europe went to America
  4. Guerrilla Warfare (sabotaging each other)
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2
Q

Utretcht 1713

A
  1. Peace terms -> French and Spanish ally badly beaten
  2. British recieved Acadia (renamed Novia Scotia/New Scotland) Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
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3
Q

War of Jenkin’s Ear

A
  1. Named after British Captain who lost ear
  2. Btwn British + Spainywards
    - James Oglethorpe fought spanish
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4
Q

War of Austrian Succession/King George’s War

A
  1. France allied w/ Spain
  2. New Englanders invaded New France
    - Captured Louisbourg
    - Ended w/ peace treaty, had to give Louisbourg back
    - 3rd Anglo-French war
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5
Q

Ohio River Vally

A
  1. The main thing that French and British fought over during the war
  2. Critical area for Britain (needed for more tobacco)
    - wanted $ security
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6
Q

George Washington

A
  1. Young Virginian man who’s family owned a lot of land and slaves
  2. Sent to Ohio by governor and fought French and lost
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7
Q

Acadians

A
  1. In Nova Scotia and had been beaten by England
  2. The English feared a comeback so they kicked them out brutally
    - Descendants called Cajuns
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8
Q

French Indian War

A

1754 - 1775
1. 4th Anglo-French war
2. George Washington touched it off
- Rocked on an undeclared basis for two years
- Transformed into 7 years war

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9
Q

7 Years War

A
  1. Most far flung conflict the word had yet seen
    - The war in Europe (the one in America is 9 years)
  2. Fought in America, Europe, Africa, West Indies, Philippines, on ocean
    - Britain + Prussia (Germans) vs. France, Russia, Austria, Spain
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10
Q

King Frederick

A
  1. Repelled French, Austrian, Russian armies
  2. Outnumbered but still won and British had to pay them in gold because they were unable to give him backup
    - France wasted time in the bloodbath so they were unable to send adequate force to New World
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11
Q

Albany Congress

A
  1. British summoned intercolonial Congress but only 7/13 colonies sent in representatives
  2. Tried to keep loyalty from Iroquois Confederacy
  3. Purpose was also to unite colonies
    - Ben Franklin was a big leader
    - Individual colonists disliked it
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12
Q

Regulars

A
  1. General Braddock’s group of men
  2. Ill disciplined colonial militiamen
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13
Q

General Edward Braddock

A
  1. Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne
    - Moved slowly
    - Ax-men paved a path in the forest
    - important to westward expansion
  2. Stumbled upon French + Indians + lost
    - bloody defeat (Braddock mortally wounded)
    - Encouraged French by easy defeat
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14
Q

InBTWN (British war tactics)

A
  • They kept trying to throw full scale invasion of Canada on wilderness posts instead of Quebec + Montreal
  • was defeated repeatedly
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15
Q

William Pitt

A
  1. “Great Commoner” + “Organizer of Victory”
  2. Concentrated on Quebec + Montreal
    - The crowds loved him
    - Expedition against Louisbourg -> victory
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16
Q

James Wolfe

A
  1. Officer since 14, attentive to detail
  2. Sent a detachment up a poorly guarded part of rocky area protecting Quebec
    - Quebec defeated
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17
Q

Battle of Quebec

A

1759
1. Ranks as 1 of the most sig. engagements in British + American history
2. Quebec lost

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18
Q

InBTWN (French Falls)

A
  • Montreal falls in 1760
  • No more French power presence in America
  • Peace settlement in Paris 1763
  • French still got to keep some West Indies
  • Had to give Spain and British land
  • Britain refused to acknowledge American help
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19
Q

Why were the colonies not united?

A
  • Recent hostilities
  • enormous distances
  • geo barriers
  • conflicting religions
  • varied nationalities
  • increased during F+I war
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20
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  1. Ended 7 years war
  2. Dealt harsh blow to Iroquois + other interior tribes
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21
Q

Pontiac’s War

A
  1. Named for Ottoawa leader
  2. Surrounding of Detroit terrain all but 3 British posts
    - Made them realized they need to unit
    - British retaliated + brought uneasy peace
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22
Q

Proclamation of 1673

A
  1. Stopped settlement beyond Appalachians
    - supposed to protect Americans
  2. Hoped to stop further encroachment
    - Americans didn’t like this
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23
Q

Republicanism

A
  1. Defined a society as one where all citizen willingly lower their private selfish interests to common good
  2. Stability relied on virtue, selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage
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24
Q

Radical Whigs

A
  1. Feared the threat to liberty from monarchs + ministers
  2. Warned citizens to be on guard against corruption
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25
Who were the two parties?
Radical Whigs (liberal) Tories (conservation)
26
Mercantilism
1. Justified British control over colonies 2. Believed wealth was power + that countries $ could be measured by gold or silver 3. Needs to export more than import - Colonies -> not a lot of raw material
27
america's economy
1. London gov looked at colonists as tenants - Britain forced America to buy from them only - colonies forced to make paper money bc no gold -> Britain not happy bc not gold
28
batering
1. substituted for buying everyday things 2. short of money (American demand went up but not enough money)
29
Mercantilism pro + con
Pros - protection for free - eliminated competition Cons - stifled $ initiative - Dependency on British
30
Sugar Act
1. Issued by George Grenville 2. 1st law passed by Parliament for raising taxes in the colonies for crown 3. Increased demand from West Indies
31
Quartering Act 1765
1. Colonists had to provide food + quarters for British troops 2. Resentment towards British
32
Stamp tax
1. Raised revenues to support new military 2. Tax on stamps
33
Prime Minister George Grenville
1. Issued a lot of taxes 2. He claimed they were just and fair but colonists disagreed - Jeopardized basic rights
34
Admiralty Courts
1. No juries allowed 2. Burden of proof -> must be able to prove themselves innocent - America held juries dear
35
Stamp Act congress
1. Brought 27 delegates from 9 colonies 2. Drew up statement of their rights + grievances 3. Beseeched crown + Parliament to repeat repugnant legislative
36
Nonimportation agreements
1. No imports of British goods 2. Resorted to homemade
37
Sons/daughters of Liberty
1. Enforced nonimportation agreements against violators
38
Declaratory Act
1. Reaffirming Parliament's right to bind colonies 2. Absolute and unqualified sovereignty over American colonies
39
Charles Townshend (Champagne Charlie)
1. Could deliver brilliant speeches in parliament 2. Passed Townshend Acts b/c of him
40
Townshend Acts
1. Light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, tea 2. Smuggling
41
Boston Massacre
1. Troops opened fire on crowd 2. Both sides to blame
42
King George III
1. Bad king but good man 2. Had "yes men" -> one of which was Lord North 3. Power hungry
43
Committees of Correspondence
1. Samuel Adam contributed to it 2. Spread spirit of resistance by exchanging letters
44
InBTWN (Cause and reaction to tea tax)
- Britain had too much unsold tea so they took over American tea monopoly - Cheaper price but Americans were angry and saw it as a bait - Maryland (Annapolis) burned cargo - Carolina (Charleston) officials seized tea for non-payment of duties
45
Boston Tea Party
1. December 16, 1773 2. Bostonians disguised as Indians smashed open 342 chests of tea and dumped it into the Atlantic
46
Intolerable Acts
1. Response to Boston Tea party 2. Many Charter rights of Massachusetts was revoked - restrictions on town meetings
47
Boston Port Act:
1. Closed Boston harbor until damages were paid and order was ensured 3. Sister colonies rallied support (sent supplies from all over)
48
List the Intolerable Acts:
- Sugar Act - Quartering Act - Stamp Tax - Declaratory Act - Townshend Act - Boston Port Act
49
Quebec Act
1. Good law in bad company 2. French were guaranteed their Catholic religion + permitted to retain many of their old customs and institutions 3. Colonists viewed it as intolerable act but French liked it - Quebec began to expand southward to Ohio
50
First Continental Congress
1. A response to the intolerable acts 2. Meeting in Philadelphia considering ways to redress colonial grievances - 12/13 colonies sent 55 men - 7 weeks - No Georgia (only colony established by royalty, just debtors) - 7 weeks - Break tensions with socializing - More like convention
51
Men at 1st Continental congress
- Sam Adams - John Adams - George Washington - Patrick Henry
52
The Association
1. Significant action of congress 2. Called for complete boycott of British goods - no importation/exportation/consumption
53
Lexington + Concrd
1. Troops seized gunpowder stores and bagged the rebel ring leaders 2. Killed Sam Adams and John Hancock 3. Stopped a Concord, who were prepared
54
InBTWN (Britain vs. France again
- Britain more people but weaker - Watched oppressed Ireland (make sure no rebels) - France didn't pay yet - No William Pitt, just George III - France crippled from Paris capture - Britain took cities of every size
55
Leaders of America
- George Washington - Ben Franklin - Marquis de Lafayette - french - American rebels badly organized - jeaously - debates
56
Valley Forge
1. In Pennsylvania 2. Large shortages of food - No bread
57
Women!
- Maintained farms and businesses while men fought (during both F+I and Rev.)
58
Camp followers
1. Females who accompanied the American army, cooking + sewing for troops 2. Received $ + rations
59
Baron von Steuben
1. Stem drillmaster 2. Trained and experienced his men
60
Lord Dumnor
1. Promised freedom to any enslaved black in Virginia who joined British army

APUSH (9 decks)

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