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APUSH > Chapter 6: Road to Rev. 1754-1775 > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Road to Rev. 1754-1775 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

King William’s War + Queen Anne’s War

A
  1. First two Anglo-French wars
  2. British vs. French couriers de bois
  3. Started in Europe went to America
  4. Guerrilla Warfare (sabotaging each other)
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2
Q

Utretcht 1713

A
  1. Peace terms -> French and Spanish ally badly beaten
  2. British recieved Acadia (renamed Novia Scotia/New Scotland) Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
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3
Q

War of Jenkin’s Ear

A
  1. Named after British Captain who lost ear
  2. Btwn British + Spainywards
    - James Oglethorpe fought spanish
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4
Q

War of Austrian Succession/King George’s War

A
  1. France allied w/ Spain
  2. New Englanders invaded New France
    - Captured Louisbourg
    - Ended w/ peace treaty, had to give Louisbourg back
    - 3rd Anglo-French war
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5
Q

Ohio River Vally

A
  1. The main thing that French and British fought over during the war
  2. Critical area for Britain (needed for more tobacco)
    - wanted $ security
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6
Q

George Washington

A
  1. Young Virginian man who’s family owned a lot of land and slaves
  2. Sent to Ohio by governor and fought French and lost
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7
Q

Acadians

A
  1. In Nova Scotia and had been beaten by England
  2. The English feared a comeback so they kicked them out brutally
    - Descendants called Cajuns
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8
Q

French Indian War

A

1754 - 1775
1. 4th Anglo-French war
2. George Washington touched it off
- Rocked on an undeclared basis for two years
- Transformed into 7 years war

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9
Q

7 Years War

A
  1. Most far flung conflict the word had yet seen
    - The war in Europe (the one in America is 9 years)
  2. Fought in America, Europe, Africa, West Indies, Philippines, on ocean
    - Britain + Prussia (Germans) vs. France, Russia, Austria, Spain
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10
Q

King Frederick

A
  1. Repelled French, Austrian, Russian armies
  2. Outnumbered but still won and British had to pay them in gold because they were unable to give him backup
    - France wasted time in the bloodbath so they were unable to send adequate force to New World
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11
Q

Albany Congress

A
  1. British summoned intercolonial Congress but only 7/13 colonies sent in representatives
  2. Tried to keep loyalty from Iroquois Confederacy
  3. Purpose was also to unite colonies
    - Ben Franklin was a big leader
    - Individual colonists disliked it
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12
Q

Regulars

A
  1. General Braddock’s group of men
  2. Ill disciplined colonial militiamen
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13
Q

General Edward Braddock

A
  1. Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne
    - Moved slowly
    - Ax-men paved a path in the forest
    - important to westward expansion
  2. Stumbled upon French + Indians + lost
    - bloody defeat (Braddock mortally wounded)
    - Encouraged French by easy defeat
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14
Q

InBTWN (British war tactics)

A
  • They kept trying to throw full scale invasion of Canada on wilderness posts instead of Quebec + Montreal
  • was defeated repeatedly
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15
Q

William Pitt

A
  1. “Great Commoner” + “Organizer of Victory”
  2. Concentrated on Quebec + Montreal
    - The crowds loved him
    - Expedition against Louisbourg -> victory
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16
Q

James Wolfe

A
  1. Officer since 14, attentive to detail
  2. Sent a detachment up a poorly guarded part of rocky area protecting Quebec
    - Quebec defeated
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17
Q

Battle of Quebec

A

1759
1. Ranks as 1 of the most sig. engagements in British + American history
2. Quebec lost

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18
Q

InBTWN (French Falls)

A
  • Montreal falls in 1760
  • No more French power presence in America
  • Peace settlement in Paris 1763
  • French still got to keep some West Indies
  • Had to give Spain and British land
  • Britain refused to acknowledge American help
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19
Q

Why were the colonies not united?

A
  • Recent hostilities
  • enormous distances
  • geo barriers
  • conflicting religions
  • varied nationalities
  • increased during F+I war
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20
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  1. Ended 7 years war
  2. Dealt harsh blow to Iroquois + other interior tribes
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21
Q

Pontiac’s War

A
  1. Named for Ottoawa leader
  2. Surrounding of Detroit terrain all but 3 British posts
    - Made them realized they need to unit
    - British retaliated + brought uneasy peace
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22
Q

Proclamation of 1673

A
  1. Stopped settlement beyond Appalachians
    - supposed to protect Americans
  2. Hoped to stop further encroachment
    - Americans didn’t like this
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23
Q

Republicanism

A
  1. Defined a society as one where all citizen willingly lower their private selfish interests to common good
  2. Stability relied on virtue, selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage
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24
Q

Radical Whigs

A
  1. Feared the threat to liberty from monarchs + ministers
  2. Warned citizens to be on guard against corruption
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25
Q

Who were the two parties?

A

Radical Whigs (liberal)
Tories (conservation)

26
Q

Mercantilism

A
  1. Justified British control over colonies
  2. Believed wealth was power + that countries $ could be measured by gold or silver
  3. Needs to export more than import
    - Colonies -> not a lot of raw material
27
Q

america’s economy

A
  1. London gov looked at colonists as tenants
    - Britain forced America to buy from them only
    - colonies forced to make paper money bc no gold -> Britain not happy bc not gold
28
Q

batering

A
  1. substituted for buying everyday things
  2. short of money (American demand went up but not enough money)
29
Q

Mercantilism pro + con

A

Pros
- protection for free
- eliminated competition
Cons
- stifled $ initiative
- Dependency on British

30
Q

Sugar Act

A
  1. Issued by George Grenville
  2. 1st law passed by Parliament for raising taxes in the colonies for crown
  3. Increased demand from West Indies
31
Q

Quartering Act 1765

A
  1. Colonists had to provide food + quarters for British troops
  2. Resentment towards British
32
Q

Stamp tax

A
  1. Raised revenues to support new military
  2. Tax on stamps
33
Q

Prime Minister George Grenville

A
  1. Issued a lot of taxes
  2. He claimed they were just and fair but colonists disagreed
    - Jeopardized basic rights
34
Q

Admiralty Courts

A
  1. No juries allowed
  2. Burden of proof -> must be able to prove themselves innocent
    - America held juries dear
35
Q

Stamp Act congress

A
  1. Brought 27 delegates from 9 colonies
  2. Drew up statement of their rights + grievances
  3. Beseeched crown + Parliament to repeat repugnant legislative
36
Q

Nonimportation agreements

A
  1. No imports of British goods
  2. Resorted to homemade
37
Q

Sons/daughters of Liberty

A
  1. Enforced nonimportation agreements against violators
38
Q

Declaratory Act

A
  1. Reaffirming Parliament’s right to bind colonies
  2. Absolute and unqualified sovereignty over American colonies
39
Q

Charles Townshend (Champagne Charlie)

A
  1. Could deliver brilliant speeches in parliament
  2. Passed Townshend Acts b/c of him
40
Q

Townshend Acts

A
  1. Light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, tea
  2. Smuggling
41
Q

Boston Massacre

A
  1. Troops opened fire on crowd
  2. Both sides to blame
42
Q

King George III

A
  1. Bad king but good man
  2. Had “yes men” -> one of which was Lord North
  3. Power hungry
43
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A
  1. Samuel Adam contributed to it
  2. Spread spirit of resistance by exchanging letters
44
Q

InBTWN (Cause and reaction to tea tax)

A
  • Britain had too much unsold tea so they took over American tea monopoly
  • Cheaper price but Americans were angry and saw it as a bait
  • Maryland (Annapolis) burned cargo
  • Carolina (Charleston) officials seized tea for non-payment of duties
45
Q

Boston Tea Party

A
  1. December 16, 1773
  2. Bostonians disguised as Indians smashed open 342 chests of tea and dumped it into the Atlantic
46
Q

Intolerable Acts

A
  1. Response to Boston Tea party
  2. Many Charter rights of Massachusetts was revoked
    - restrictions on town meetings
47
Q

Boston Port Act:

A
  1. Closed Boston harbor until damages were paid and order was ensured
  2. Sister colonies rallied support (sent supplies from all over)
48
Q

List the Intolerable Acts:

A
  • Sugar Act
  • Quartering Act
  • Stamp Tax
  • Declaratory Act
  • Townshend Act
  • Boston Port Act
49
Q

Quebec Act

A
  1. Good law in bad company
  2. French were guaranteed their Catholic religion + permitted to retain many of their old customs and institutions
  3. Colonists viewed it as intolerable act but French liked it
    - Quebec began to expand southward to Ohio
50
Q

First Continental Congress

A
  1. A response to the intolerable acts
  2. Meeting in Philadelphia considering ways to redress colonial grievances
    - 12/13 colonies sent 55 men
    - 7 weeks
    - No Georgia (only colony established by royalty, just debtors)
    - 7 weeks
    - Break tensions with socializing
    - More like convention
51
Q

Men at 1st Continental congress

A
  • Sam Adams
  • John Adams
  • George Washington
  • Patrick Henry
52
Q

The Association

A
  1. Significant action of congress
  2. Called for complete boycott of British goods
    - no importation/exportation/consumption
53
Q

Lexington + Concrd

A
  1. Troops seized gunpowder stores and bagged the rebel ring leaders
  2. Killed Sam Adams and John Hancock
  3. Stopped a Concord, who were prepared
54
Q

InBTWN (Britain vs. France again

A
  • Britain more people but weaker
  • Watched oppressed Ireland (make sure no rebels)
  • France didn’t pay yet
  • No William Pitt, just George III
  • France crippled from Paris capture
  • Britain took cities of every size
55
Q

Leaders of America

A
  • George Washington
  • Ben Franklin
  • Marquis de Lafayette
  • french
  • American rebels badly organized
  • jeaously
  • debates
56
Q

Valley Forge

A
  1. In Pennsylvania
  2. Large shortages of food
    - No bread
57
Q

Women!

A
  • Maintained farms and businesses while men fought (during both F+I and Rev.)
58
Q

Camp followers

A
  1. Females who accompanied the American army, cooking + sewing for troops
  2. Received $ + rations
59
Q

Baron von Steuben

A
  1. Stem drillmaster
  2. Trained and experienced his men
60
Q

Lord Dumnor

A
  1. Promised freedom to any enslaved black in Virginia who joined British army

APUSH (9 decks)

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