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APUSH > Chapter 2: The Contest for North America 1500 - 1664 > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Contest for North America 1500 - 1664 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Huguenots

A
  1. They were protestants who clashed w/ Catholics
  2. Many of them were killed brutally
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2
Q

Jacques Cartier

A
  1. Sought a route to Asia like Columbus but ended up in Canada
  2. He climbed Canada for France
    - He attempted to create a settlement on the St. Lawrence river
    - After his claim of Canada, French fishermen + fur trappers exploited the environment
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3
Q

Edict of Nantes

A
  1. Law that protected French Protestants by ordering limited tolerance
  2. Once the religious wars began to disappear, France became the strongest and most feared European country
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4
Q

King Louis XIV

A
  1. King of France since he was nine
  2. Took large interest in the overseas colonies
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5
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A
  1. Led the foundations of New France in Quebec
  2. Was called the “Father of New France”
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6
Q

French Relations w/ Native Americans
(Theme)

A
  1. Had very different tactics than the Spanish and were friendly towards the Natives + built alliances
  2. Made the Iroquois tribe their enemies which proved consequential
    Theme 8 (WOR)
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7
Q

New France

A
  1. Really Canada
  2. Their government faltered + religious tensions rose
    - France favored the Caribbean colonies over Canadian colonies
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8
Q

Couriers de bois

A
  1. Means “runner of the woods”
  2. Beaver-seeking French in order to make furs
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9
Q

Voyagers

A
  1. Recruited Indians to help them find make furs which violated many of the Indians’ beliefs
  2. They traveled by boat
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10
Q

Antoine Cadillac
(ThemeS)

A
  1. Wanted to thwart English settlers from going into the Ohio Valley
  2. Made Detroit or “The City of Straits”
    Theme 6/7 (MIG/GEO)
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11
Q

Robert de La Salle

A
  1. He claimed Louisiana
  2. He went down the Mississippi in search of the Mississippi Delta
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12
Q

InBTWN
(French and Spanish expansion, Natives involvement)

A
  • Louis XIV wanted to expand the fear of the French even further
  • They were competing against England
  • Native Americans got involved in politics as equals
  • Spanish empire benefited greatly from the wealth + resources from Mexico
  • They wanted more so they pushed further into North America
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13
Q

Protestant Reformation

A
  1. Happened after England broke off from the Roman Catholic Church
  2. Religious balance fell apart + protestants became a majority
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14
Q

Elizabeth I

A
  1. Defeated the Catholic Irish uprising brutally
  2. Encouraged by her, buccaneers roamed shipping lanes
    - protestant
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15
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A
  1. Buccaneer and looted
  2. Looted the Spanish heavily
    - Financed by multiple people including Queen Elizabeth I
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16
Q

Sir Water Raleigh

A
  1. Inspired by half-brother to make a successful English attempt at colonization
  2. Led an expedition that founded Roanoke
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17
Q

Roanoke Island
(Theme)

A
  1. Mysteriously vanished
  2. Off the coast of Virginia which was named after the “Virgin Queen”
    Theme 6 (MIG)
18
Q

Philip II

A
  1. Protest Reformation’s enemy, he made himself the position
  2. Prepared an “Invincible Armada” of ships to try to invade England
    - Failed invasion
19
Q

Spanish Armada

A
  1. It was the turning point of the Spanish Empire + the start of their fall
  2. Spain’s rivals now felt ambitious to challenge Spain’s rise in both worlds
20
Q

Enclosing/enclosure

A
  1. English Landlords enclosed sheep grazing croplands
  2. Forced small farmers off the land or into an unsecure job
21
Q

Primogeniture

A
  1. Law that decided only eldest son will inherit land
  2. The younger sons had to find wealth some where else
22
Q

Joint-Stock Company
(ThemeS)

A
  1. Investors
  2. Combined their capital to limit risk in the stock market
    Theme 4 (ARC)
    Theme 3 (WXT)
23
Q

Virginia Company
(ThemeS)

A
  1. Joint stock company
  2. They got a grant from the king to make a settlement in the New World
  3. They were drawn to the idea of gold
    Theme 6 (MIG)
    Theme 3 (WXT)
24
Q

Charter
(ThemeS)

A
  1. Important document
  2. Gave the settlers the same rights as if they were home
    Theme 6 (MIG)
    Theme 4 (ARC)
25
Q

Jamestown
(ThemeS)

A
  1. Virginia Company’s settlement
  2. Easy to defend but mosquito infested and unhealthy
    Theme 6 (MIG)
    Theme 4 (ARC)
26
Q

Captain John Smith

A
  1. He manages to save Virginia from collapse
  2. He made the rule that you can only eat if you work
    - Strong leader + resourceful
27
Q

Chief Powhatan

A
  1. Kidnapped John Smith + pretended to execute him
  2. Just wanted to impress Smith w/ his power
28
Q

Pocahontas

A
  1. Sort of “saved” Smith by using symbolism of intervention
  2. She became the connection between the Indians + the settlers
    - There needed to be Pocahontas in order to keep enough peace + provide food
29
Q

Lord De La Warr

A
  1. New governor of Jamestown
  2. He wanted to transform the colony into a military + fight the Indians
30
Q

First Anglo-Powhatan War

A
  1. War between Jamestown and the Indians in the settlement
  2. They ended w/ a peace treaty, but Indians lost
31
Q

John Rolfe

A
  1. The husband of Pocahontas
  2. His marriage sealed the peace settlement/end of the first Anglo-Powhatan War
32
Q

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

A
  1. The Indians wanted to get rid of the Virginians in the area
  2. The Indians lost again and were separated from the white settlements
33
Q

British relations with Native Americans

A
  1. The natives were mostly cut off from the whites although they still got backlash from them
  2. The Indians didn’t affect the white’s economy so the whites didn’t see a need for them
34
Q

New Netherlands
(Theme)

A
  1. Made by Dutch West India Company
  2. Purpose was for wealth b/c it had a quick profit fur trade
    - Hudson River area
    Theme 3 (WXT)
35
Q

Dutch West India Company

A
  1. Maintained profit in trading and raiding although sometimes they looted
  2. We’re in the Caribbean + New Netherlands
36
Q

Henry Hudson

A
  1. Sent by Dutch East India Company to look for greater riches
  2. He sailed into Delaware + New York Bay instead of Northeast + found Hudson River
  3. He hoped he found a shortcut through the continent but instead claimed a wooded + watered area
37
Q

New Amsterdam

A
  1. Company town run by the Dutch company
  2. Abused Quakers + didn’t tolerate religion
    - Later became New York
38
Q

Peter Stuyvesant

A
  1. Led a small Dutch military expedition bc the Ductch didn’t like Swedish presence
  2. Defeated the Swedish
    - Fought in the West Indies
    - Had a wooden leg
39
Q

Duke York

A
  1. Brother of Charles II and led a strong English squadron
  2. Beat Peter Stuyvesant + renamed New Amsterdam to New York
40
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A
  1. Bound 5 Indian nations as a league
  2. This granted dominance over territory

APUSH (9 decks)

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