Chapter 3: Settling the English Colonies 1619 - 1700 Flashcards
1
Q
John Rolfe
A
- He figured out the best way to cultivate tobacco and saved Virginia’s economy
- Was known as the father of the tobacco industry
- Everybody started growing tobacco in any toil available
2
Q
Tobaccco
(Theme)
A
- Tobacco was the treasures found in Virginia
- Once it was perfected, the demand skyrocketed in Europe
Theme 3 (WXT)
3
Q
House of Burgesses
A
- One of the first miniature parliaments in America
- Created by settlers w/ the permission of the Virginia Company
4
Q
James I
A
- Distrusted the House of Burgesses
- Took Virginia under his control
5
Q
Lord Baltimore
(Theme)
A
- Founded Maryland => second plantation colony
- Aimed to find a refuge for his fellow Catholics
Theme 6 (MIG)
6
Q
Act of Toleration
A
- Created bc the large number of Protestants threatened the small amount of Catholics
- It protected Christians but made things ore dangerous for Jews and atheists w/ the death penalty
- Granted less Toleration but gave a sense of protection to Catholics
7
Q
Sugar Cane
(Theme)
A
- Caribbean’s equal to Tobacco
- Required much more care , and money to ensure profit, was a rich man’s crop
Theme 3 (WXT)
8
Q
Barbados Slave Code
(Theme)
A
- Determined the rights granted to slaves and to their masters
- Granted masters complete control over their slaves
Theme 5 (SOC)
9
Q
Charles I
A
- Dismissed Parliament but brought it back
- Was beheaded by Oliver Cromwell
10
Q
English Civil War
A
- Colonization had stopped during the war
- The war ended when Charles II rightfully came back to the throne
11
Q
Carolina
(Theme)
A
- Named after Charles II
- The founders hoped to grow sustainable foods and export wine, silk, olive oil, and other non-English products
Theme 3 (WXT)
12
Q
Savannah Indians
A
- Helped out with the slave trade In Carolina
- Eventually backed out of the alliance and moved to Maryland and Pennsylvania
13
Q
Squatters
A
- Newcomers w/o rights to soil
- They grew tobacco + other crops on small farms
- Mostly no need for slaves
14
Q
Tuscarora War
A
- War between Tuscarora Indians and Carolinians + the Europeans in the south
- The Indians lost + were sold into slavery
- The survivors sought protection from the Iroquois
15
Q
Yamasee Indians
A
- Were dispersed b/c of war
- B/c of their defeat, the coastal Indians were devestated
16
Q
Georgia (Buffer)
A
- Served as a buffer between Carolina and the Spaniard + French
- Suffered especially when wars broke out between England and Spain
17
Q
James Oglethorpe
A
- Fought against the Spanish and drove them out
- Was an advocate for prison reform
18
Q
Slavery in the colonies
A
- Any state w/ a plantation had slaves
- There were many plantations scattered all around
- Slowed growth of cities + churches + schools
19
Q
Martin Luther/Protestant Reformation
A
- He changed the way religion was thought
- His ideas spread across the world
20
Q
Calvinism/John Calvin
(Belief that glory of God should come first)
A
- Was a religious leader who took Luther’s ideas and built off of them
- Became a dominant theory
21
Q
Predestination
A
- The idea that some souls had been destined for Heaven or Hell + God couldn’t change it
- The Calvinists became paranoid
22
Q
Conversion
A
- A personal experience showing their predestination
- Many sought these out
23
Q
Separatists (Pilgrims)
A
- Dedicated puritans
- Wanted to break away from the church of England
- Disproved of the saints sharing pews with the “damned”
24
Q
Mayflower Compact
(ThemeS)
A
- The Pilgrim leaders signed this
- An agreement to form a makeshift government and be ruled by majority will
Theme 5 (SOC)
Theme 6 (MIG)
25
William Bradford
1. One of the Pilgrims' leaders and was chosen governor 30 times
2. He worried that his godly experiment might be corrupted by non-puritan settlers
26
Puritans
1. Pilgrims' were extremists, extreme puritans
2. They (moderate puritans) slowly got support from the church of English as they sought out to reform it
27
"Visible Saints"
1. Those who were elect to go to heaven
2. They had to demonstrate holy behavior
28
"Protestant Work Ethic"
1. Hard work was emphasized
2. Enjoyed luxuries too like eating and drinking a lot
29
Congregational Church
(Theme)
1. *A collective of men who belonged to the puritan church*
2. Unchurched men did not have the right to vote in the province elections along with women
Theme 5 (SOC)
30
Massachusetts Bay Colony
(Theme)
1. A group of *non-Separatist Puritans* received a charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company (which they placed in MB colony) in order to secure their father and England's future
2. They started *well off* unlike most colonies
Theme 6 (MIG)
31
Great English Migration
(Theme)
1. Turmoil in England caused thousands of Puritans to leave
2. Not all were Puritans though and many were lured in by the soil
Theme 6 (MIG)
32
John Winthrop
1. *Massachusetts first governor*
2. He believed the offer to become governor was a calling from God
- Was governor for 19 years
- Believed he had to lead the new religious experiment
33
Bible Common Wealth
1. Granted religious leaders large influence
2. Interrogated people in order to see if they could become a member of the church
34
John Cotton
1. He escaped to Massachusetts from persecution
- He *criticized the church of England*
2. He defended the government's duty to impose religious rules
35
Anne Hutchison
1. She *challenged Puritan orthodoxy*
2. She claimed that living a holy life did not ensure salvation and the truly saved didn't need to follow any laws
36
Antinominism
1. Greek, meaning *against the law*
2. Hutchison's idea that holy behavior does not equal salvation but rather not following the laws
37
Roger Williams
1. Threatening to the Puritan leaders
2. *He challenged the Puritan ideology*
- Made Rhode Island more liberal than any other English settlement
- Practiced toleration + sheltered Quakers
38
Thomas Hooker
1. Led a group of Boston Puritans
2. Went into Hartford, Connecticut
39
Fundamental Orders
1. Created a government controlled by the important citizens
2. Features of this document was used later on for Connecticut's colonial charter and the State Constitution
40
New Haven
1. Flourishing Connecticut settlement
2. Wanted to be turned into a seaport
3. Was merged w/ democratic settlements in the CT valley instead
41
Wampanoag Indians
1. They were in no condition to resist European presence so they befriended the settlers at first
2. They send a realty w/ the Plymouth Pilgrims
42
Squanto (Tisquantum)
1. Accommodated the culture to Europeans
2. Helped progress their friendship
- Learned English b/c he was kidnapped by a ship captain
43
Pequot War
1. The English and their allies, the Narragansett tribe, set *fire to the Pequot village*
2. *Killed off the Pequot tribe*
3. *Unstable peace* between the *Puritans and Indians*
44
Metacom (King Philip)
1. Made alliances w/ other Indian tribes
2. Executed *coordinated assaults on the English*
45
King Philip's War
1. Destroyed 12 Puritan towns when they attacked 52
2. Slowed down the westward march for settlement
46
New England Confederation
1. A group of 4 Puritan colonies
2. Purpose was to serve as a military alliance to fight against the Indians, French, Dutch
47
Charles II
1. Once he was restored to the throne, he became *interested in the colonies*
2. The colonists did not like this
48
Navigation Acts
(Theme)
1. Was designed to get rid of *competition in colonial trade*
2. Colonists did not enjoy the *restrictions*
Theme 8 (WOR)
49
Dominion of New England
1. Caused Massachusetts to suffer even further
2. The colonists resented it
3. Appeared in New England, New York, New Jersey
50
Sir Edmund Andros
1. In charge of a large piece of colonial territory
2. Abused his power by showing off his non-puritan religion, taking land titles away, preventing town meetings + coverts + press + schools
- Sent back to England after King James II overthrown
51
Glorius Revolution (William & Mary)
1. William and Mary rose to the throne
2. Protestantism was restored as the religion of the monarchs
52
"Salutary neglect"
1. The girl on colonial *trade loosened by the monarchs*
2. The Navigation Laws were enforced still but loosely
53
Quakers
1. Refused to conform socially + tithing to the church
2. They believed everyone was a child of God
3. People of deep guilt
54
William Penn
1. A Quaker
2. *Created an asylum*
55
Pennslyvania
1. Were able to lure colonists in truthfully
2. *Best advertised*
56
Blue Laws
1. Disallowed specific behaviors
2. No certain games, stage plays, revelry that was ungodly
57
Lord De La Warr
1. Delaware was named after him
2. A military governor who came to Virginia
58
Middle Colonies
1. Consisted of *New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania*
2. They had big advantages like fertile soil, broad rivers, heavy exports, and were more well off than New England
- There were an abundance of industries
- Most religious toleration
59
Benjamin Franklin
1. Considered *the most Representative American Personality* of his time
2. He "came to life" in Philadelphia
60
Chesapeake v. Massachusetts Bay Colony
1. Developed different kinds of societies
2. Chesapeake colonies -> tobacco was a benefit
Massachusetts -> colonies grew out of it
