Chapter 8 - Reactivity series Flashcards
List the order of the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Copper
What is the equation when a metal reacts with water?
metal + water ——> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the balanced equation for potassium and calcium with water ?
2 K + 2 H20 ——> 2 KOH + H2
Ca + 2 H2O ———-> Mg(OH)2 + H2
What is observed when magnesium reacts with water ?
a few bubbles of gas over a long time
What is the equation when a metal reacts with steam ?
metal + steam —> metal oxide + hydrogen
What are the observations when magnesium reacts with steam ?
- bright white light
- white solid formed
- heat is given out
What are the observations when aluminium reacts with steam ?
- powdered aluminium reacts to give white solid
- heat is given out
What are the observations when zinc reacts with steam ?
- powdered zinc reacts to form a yellow solid
- heat is given out
What are the observations when iron reacts with steam ?
- powdered iron reacts to form a black solid
Give the balanced equation for iron and aluminium reacting with steam
3Fe + 4 H2O (g) ——–> Fe3O4 + 4 H2
2Al + 3 H20 ———–> Al2O3 + 3 H2
What is the general equation when a metal reacts with the air ?
metal + oxygen ——-> metal oxide
What are the observations when potassium reacts with the air ?
- burns with a lilac flame producing a white solid
What are the observations when sodium reacts with the air ?
- burns with a yellow flame producing a white solid
What are the observations when calcium reacts with the air ?
- burns with a red flame producing a white solid
What are the observations when magnesium reacts with the air ?
- burns with a white light producing a white solid
What are the observations when aluminium reacts with the air ?
- burns only when finely powdered producing a white flame
What are the observations when zinc reacts with the air ?
- burns producing a yellow solid which becomes white on cooling
What are the observations when iron reacts with the air ?
- iron fillings bur with orange sparks producing a black solid
What are the observations when copper reacts with the air ?
- red brown copper glows red, there is a blue-green flame and it becomes covered with a black layer
What happens when a meta reacts with water?
the metal atoms lose electrons and form positive metal ions
Are the metals at the top or the bottom of the reactivity series more likely to lose electrons ?
The metals at the top
When does a displacement reaction occur ?
A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive meal takes the place of a less reactive metal in a compound
What are some observations of displacement reactions with copper ?
- heat is released
- red-brown solid copper is deposited
- blue colour of the copper ion solution fades
What are ‘native’ elements ?
metals such as gold and platinum are found naturally as the element and uncombined with anything else
What is an ore ?
An ore is a rock that contains a metal compound from which the metal can be extracted
What is the removal of oxygen with metals called ?
reduction
What are the two methods of extraction of metals from ores ?
- electrolysis
- reduction using carbon
What metals use electrolysis as a method of extraction ?
- potassium
- sodium
- calcium
- magnesium
- aluminium
What metals use reduction of the ore by heating with carbon as a method of extraction ?
- zinc
- iron
- copper
What is the definition of Phytomining ?
Phytomining is the use of plants to absorb metal compounds from soil as part of metal extraction
Explain how phytomining is carried out .
- plants are grown on ground containing low grade metal ores
- the plants are harvested , dried and burned to produce ash rich in metal compound
- an acid is added to the ash and the insoluble metal compounds react
- this produces a solution containing soluble copper compounds called “leachate”
- add iron to the leachate and a displacement reaction will occur e.g to displace copper
What are the advantages of phytomining ?
- better for the environment
- produces energy when the plants are burned
What are the disadvantages of phytomining ?
- slow process (plants take long to grow)
