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Chemistry > Chapter 3 - Periodic Table > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

How and when developed the first periodic table ?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev in 1896

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2
Q

What were the features of Mendeleev’s periodic table ?

A
  • left gaps for undiscovered elements

- listed the elements in increasing atomic weight

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3
Q

How do todays periodic table differ from Mendeleev’s ?

A
  • Mendeleev’s had no noble gases
  • gaps were left in his
  • no block of transition metals in Mendeleev’s
  • actinides and lanthanides not present in Mendeleev’s
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4
Q

What does the staircase line on the periodic table separate ?

A

The metals and the non-metals

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5
Q

What two elements are liquids and describe their appearance .

A

Bromine: red-brown liquid
Mercury: silvery-white liquid

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6
Q

What is a group ?

A

A group is a vertical column in the periodic table

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7
Q

What do all elements in the same group have in common ?

A
  • similar chemical properties

- same number of electrons in their outer shell

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8
Q

What is the name of group 1 ?

A

alkali metals , reactive

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9
Q

What is the name of group 2 ?

A

alkaline earth metals , reactive

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10
Q

What is the name of group 7 ?

A

Halogens, reactive

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11
Q

What is the name of group 8 ?

A

noble gases, unreactive

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12
Q

What is a period ?

A

A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table

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13
Q

What are the physical properties of group 1 metals ?

A
  • soft
  • shiny
  • low density
  • grey solids
  • low melting points
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14
Q

What is the equation shown when a group 1 metal reacts with water ?

A

Group 1 metal + water —-> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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15
Q

What are the risk assessments when using group 1 metals ?

A
  • use tweezers
  • use a safety screen
  • wear safety glasses
  • use small pieces of metal
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16
Q

What are the observations when lithium reacts with water ?

A
  • moves on surface
  • bubbles
  • heat released
  • disappears
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17
Q

What are the observations when sodium reacts with water ?

A
  • moves on surface
  • bubbles
  • heat released
  • disappears
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18
Q

What are the observations when potassium reacts with water ?

A
  • lilac flame
  • moves on surface
  • bubbles
  • heat released
  • disappears quickly
  • crackles at end
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19
Q

What is the general half equation for a group one metal reaction ?

A

Group 1 metal atom —-> Group 1 metal ion + electron

20
Q

Why does the reactivity of group 1 metals increase as you go down the group ?

A

The atom they need to lose becomes further away from the nucleus and is therefore easier to lose.

21
Q

What are the physical properties of the halogens ?

A 
Fluorine : yellow gas
Chlorine: yellow-green gas
Bromine: red-brown liquid
Iodine: grey-black solid
Astatine : - -
22
Q

What is the trend of the halogens as they go down the group ?

A
  • elements become darker
  • change from a gas to liquid to solid
  • increase in melting point
23
Q

Explain toxicity regarding the halogens.

A

All the halogens are toxic, although toxicity decreases down the group.

24
Q

What is sublimation ?

A

sublimation is the change of state from solid directly to gas on heating.

25
Q

What happens if you heat iodine ?

A

it undergoes sublimation

26
Q

What is the general half equation for group 7 atoms ?

A

halogen atom + 1 electron —> halide ion

27
Q

What is the general half equation for a group 7 molecule ?

A

halogen molecule + 2 electrons – > 2 halide ions

28
Q

What is the trend of reactivity of group 7 ?

A

As the group descends the reactivity decreases

29
Q

Explain displacement reactions.

A

In a displacement reaction the more reactive halogen is added to the halide solution.

30
Q

Give an example word equation for a displacement reaction

A

chlorine+potassium iodide -> iodine + potassium chloride

31
Q

What is the appearance for a chlorine solution ?

A

pale green solution

32
Q

What is the appearance for a bromine solution ?

A

orange solution

33
Q

What is the appearance for a iodine solution ?

A

brown solution

34
Q

What are the colour changes observed when chlorine reacts with a) bromine solution b) iodine solution

A

a) colourless solution changes to orange

b) colourless solution changes to brown

35
Q

What are the colour changes observed when bromine reacts with iodine solution

A

colourless solution changes to brown

no reaction occurs between bromine and chlorine solutions

36
Q

What are the colour changes observed when iodine reacts with chlorine, bromine and iodine solutions ?

A

no reaction occurs with any of them

37
Q

What is the test for chlorine ?

A

Damp universal indicator paper changes to red and then bleaches white in the presence of chlorine gas

38
Q

Why are Group 0 elements stable ?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons

39
Q

Give two physical properties of the noble gases.

A
  • Low boiling point

- colourless

40
Q

What happens to the boiling point as you go down Group 0 ?

A

The boiling point increases, because of the strength of the van der Waal forces holding them together.

41
Q

What are the physical properties of transition metals ?

A
  • high melting points
  • high density
  • low reactivity with water
  • react to form ions with different charges
  • form coloured compounds
42
Q

What does copper(ii) oxide look like ?

A

black solid

43
Q

What does copper(ii) carbonate look like ?

A

green solid

44
Q

What does hydrated copper(ii) sulfate look like ?

A

blue crystals

45
Q

What does copper(ii) salt in solution look like ?

A

blue solution

46
Q

What are the three steps for writing a risk assessment ?

A

1: a list of all the hazards in the experiment
2: a list of all the risks a hazard could cause
3: suitable control measures you could take to prevent the risk

Chemistry (22 decks)

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