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Chemistry > Chapter 5 - Acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Acids, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an indicator ?

A

An indicator is one colour in acid and a different colour in alkali

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2
Q

What colour is blue and red litmus paper in acids and alkalis

A

in acid in alkali in neutral

RED red blue red

BLUE red blue blue

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3
Q

What colour does Phenolphthalein go in acid alkali and neutral solutions ?

A

acid : colourless
alkali : pink
neutral : colourless

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4
Q

What colour does Methyl orange go in acid alkali and neutral solutions ?

A

acid : red
alkali : yellow
neutral : orange

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5
Q

What is an acid ?

A

An acid is a substance that dissolves in water producing hydrogen ions (H+(aq))

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6
Q

What negative ion does all 3 acids produce ?

A 
hydrochloric acid (HCL) : chloride
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) : sulfate
nitric acid (HNO3) : nitrate
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7
Q

What is an alkali ?

A

An alkali is a substance that dissolves n water producing hydroxide ions

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8
Q

What classifies a strong acid ?

A

Strong acids completely ionise in water

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9
Q

What classifies a weak acid ?

A

Weak acids are acids that are partially ionise in water

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10
Q

What is a strong alkali ?

A

Strong alkalis are alkalis that are completely ionised in water

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11
Q

What is a weak alkali ?

A

Weak alkalis are alkalis that are partially ionised in water

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12
Q

Explain the pH scale

A
  • pH 7 in neutral
  • pH less than 7 is acidic
  • pH more than 7 is alkaline
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13
Q

What is the pH of a strong acid and give some examples

A

pH 0-2

examples : sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid

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14
Q

What is the pH of a weak acid and give some examples

A

pH 3-6

examples : ethanoic acid, carbonic acid

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15
Q

What is the pH of a weak alkali and give some examples

A

pH 8-11

examples : ammonia

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16
Q

What is the pH of a strong alkali and give some examples

A

pH 12-14

examples : sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide

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17
Q

What is the pH of a neutral and give some examples

A

pH 7

examples : water

18
Q

What is a more accurate way of finding the pH ?

A

Use a pH meter, this will give the pH to one decimal place

19
Q

What is a concentrated acid ?

A

A concentrated acid contains a large number of acid particles dissolved per unit volume

20
Q

What is a dilute acid ?

A

A dilute acid contains a small number of acid particles dissolved per unit volume

21
Q

What does the hazard symbol corrosive look like, mean and give an example

A

Looks like : acid spilling over a hand and a work top
means : burns and destroys living tissues
examples : concentrated acid

22
Q

What does the hazard symbol explosive look like, mean and give an example

A

Looks like : an explosion
means : explodes if exposed to flame, heat or knocked
examples : potassium

23
Q

What does the hazard symbol flammable look like, mean and give an example

A

Looks like : a flame
means : catches fire easily when in contact with air
examples : ethanol

24
Q

What does the hazard symbol toxic look like, mean and give an example

A

Looks like : skull and crossbones
means : can kill by poisoning
examples : weed killer, cyanide

25
Q

What does the hazard symbol moderate hazard look like, mean and give an example

A

Looks like : an exclamation mark
means : may be harmful or an irritant
examples : dilute sodium hydroxide

26
Q

What is a salt ?

A

A salt is the compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions of an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions

27
Q

What are some general observations that can be made during an acid reaction ?

A
  • bubbles
  • solid disappears and solution is produced
  • heat released
28
Q

What is the general equation when a metal reacts with an acid ?

A

metal + acid —- > salt + hydrogen

29
Q

What is the test for hydrogen ?

A
  • apply a lighted splint

- a popping sound results

30
Q

What is the general equation for an acid plus a base ?

A

base + acid —-> salt + water

31
Q

What is a base ?

A

A base is a metal oxide or metal hydroxide that neutralises an acid to produce a salt and a water

32
Q

What is an alkali ?

A

a soluble base

33
Q

What does the term neutralisation mean ?

A

Neuralisation is the reaction between the hydrogen ions in an acid and the hydroxide ions in an alkali to produce water

34
Q

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation ?

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ——> H20 (l)

35
Q

What is an exothermic reaction ?

A

An exothermic reaction is one which heat energy is given out.

36
Q

What is the general equation for a metal carbonate and an acid ?

A

Metal carbonate + acid —-> salt + water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide ?

A
  • bubble the gas into colourless limewater

- the solution will turn milky if CO2 is present

38
Q

What is the equation for ammonia and an acid ?

A

ammonia + acid —-> ammonium salt

39
Q

What is the method of preparing metal, oxide and carbonate salts ?

A

add excess insoluble substance to the acid

40
Q

What is the method of preparing a hydroxide salts ?

A

add acid to alkali in the presence of an indicator

41
Q

How would you dry crystals ?

A
  • between sheets of filter paper
  • in a low-temperature oven
  • in a desiccator

Chemistry (22 decks)

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