Chapter 8 - Pelvis Flashcards
How many bones make up the adult pelvis?
4 bones:
-sacrum
-coccyx
-right and left ossa coxae
Function of the Pelvis
-protect and support the viscera in the inferior part of the ventral body cavity (bladder, sex organs, fetus)
-support the weight of the body from the vertebral column
Pelvic Girdle
refers to the right and left ossa coxae only
Coxal (Hip) Bone
consists of three bones that fuse together:
-ilium
-ischium
-pubis
Pubic Symphysis
-joins the two coxal bones together ANTERIORLY
-fibrocartilage
Sacroiliac Joints
-join the hip bones and the sacrum together POSTERIORLY
The Ilium
-largest of the three hip bones
-forms the superior part of the hip bones
Ala of the Ilium
-superior fan shaped portion
Body of the Ilium
-lower portion of the ilium
Acetabulum of the Ilium
-socket where the femur articulates to form the hip joint
Iliac Crest
Hip Pointer
Greater Sciatic Notch
Where the sciatic nerve passes through
Gluteal Lines
-muscles attachment for the trunk, hip and thigh
Iliac Tuberosity
-upper thickened rough portion of the ilium
-attachment site for the posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Auricular Surface of the Ilium
-ear shaped area of the ilium
Arcuate Line
-bony ridge located on the inner medial surface
Iliac Fossa
-concave inner surface of the ilium
Ischium
-inferior and posterior part of the hip bone
Ischial Tuberosity
the part that meets the chair when you are sitting
Pubis
-inferior and anterior part of the hip bone
Inferior and Superior Rami
-inferior meets with ischium and superior meets with ilium
-join together to create acetabulum/hip socket
Pelvic Brim
a line from the sacral promontory to the upper part of the pubic symphysis
False/greater Pelvis
-lies above the pelvic brim
-contains no pelvic organs except when the urinary bladder is full, lower intestines, ovaries, uterus
True/lesser Pelvis
-bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim
-has inlet, outlet, cavity
-contains rectum, sex organs
Pelvic Axis
-the path of the baby during birth
Sacral Promontory
the part that articulates with the spine
Female Pelvis
-wider and shallower
-pubic arch is greater than 100 degrees
-more space in the true pelvis
-pelvic brim is more oval
-structure is light and thin
-obturator foramen is oval
-iliac crest is less curved
-ilium is shorter
-sciatic notch is wider angle
Male Pelvis
-bones are larger and heavier
-pelvic inlet is smaller and heart shaped
-pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
-structure is heavy and thick
-obturator foramen is round
-iliac crest is more curved
-ilium is taller
-sciatic notch is more acute
Muscles of Coxal Joint and Thigh
-originate from pelvic girdle and vertebral column
-insert on various places on the femur
-most are massive muscles
-are divided into the anterior, posterior, and medial groups
Functions of the Muscles
-stabilize the hip joint
-provide support for the body during locomotion
I: Anterior Group of Muscles (need to know O and I)
flexors:
-illiacus
-psoas major
-sartorius
-rectus femoris
II: Posterior Gluteal Mucles
extensors, abductors, rotators
-gluteus maximus
-gluteus medius
-gluteus minimus
III: Medial Muscles of the Thigh
adductors
-adductor magnus
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-gracilis
-pectineus
IV: Deep Lateral Thigh Muscles
-lateral rotator muscles of the hip joint over the posterior aspect
-piriformis
-superior and inferior gemelius
-obturator internus
-obturator externus
-quadratus femoris
V: Lateral Group (need to know O and I)
-tensor fascie latae
- Iliacus (group I flexors)
O: iliac fossa of the ilium
I: Lesser trochanter if the femur
-flexes and rotates thigh laterally
- Psoas Major (group I flexors)
-major and minor
O: transverse process & body of lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter
-flexes and rotates thigh laterally
- Sartorius (group I flexors)
O: Anterior Superior Illiac Spine
I: Medial surface of body of the tibia
-the longest flexor and rotators muscle of the thugh
-flexes, abducts, and rotates the leg medially
- Rectus Femoris (group I flexors)
O: Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine
I: Tibial Tuberosity
-extends and flexes thigh at a hip joint
- Gluteus Maximus (group II extensors and abductors)
-roundness of the buttocks
-powerful hip extensor and lateral rotators
- Gluteus Medius and Minimus (group II extensors and abductors)
-deeper
-originate from ilium
-abduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint
Group III Medial Adductors
-adductors of the hip
-some aid in hip flexion
-have a common origin on the pubic bone
-most insert on shaft of the femur
- Adductor Magnus (group III adductors)
-largest
-deep to the other adductors
-adduct, rotate, and extend thigh at hip joint
- Adductor Longus (group III adductors)
-near pubic symphyses
-adducts, rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip joint
- Adductor Brevis (group III adductors)
-located in ramus and body of pubis
-adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh
- Gracilis (group IIL adductors)
-medial muscle
-flexes knee and leg
- Pectineus (group III adductors)
-adduct and flex thigh at the hip joint
Group IV Muscles
-all rotators and abductors that rotate the thigh laterally
Tensor Fasciae Latae (group V muscle)
O: Iliac crest/spine
I: Tibia by the way of iliotibial tract
-flexes and abducts thigh medially at the hip joint
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L5)
-forms medial and lateral plantar nerves
Cutaneous Innervation
-calf of the leg
-plantar surface of the foot
Motor Innervation
-posterior thigh and leg muscles
-intrinsic muscles of the foot
Femoral Nerve
-L2-L4
-thigh, leg, and foot
-posterior division of the lumbar plexus
-innervates:
-anterior and medial portion of the thigh
-medial side of the leg and foot
Obturator Nerve
-L2-L4
-only thigh
-anterior division of the lumbar plexus
-innervates:
-medial and adductors muscles of the thigh
Femoral Nerve Motor Innervation
-quadriceps femoris
-iliopsoas
-sartorius
-pectineus
Femoral Nerve Cutaneous Innervation
-anterior thigh
-inferomedial thigh
-medial side of the leg
-most medial aspect of the foot
Obturator Nerve Motor Innervation
-adductors
-gracillis
-pectineus
Obturator Nerve Cutaneous Innervation
-superomedial thigh
