Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 7 Vertebral Column & Rib Cage > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Vertebral Column & Rib Cage Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

A

26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of the Vertebral Column

A

-vertical support for the body
-support weight of the head
-maintain upright body position
-transfers axial skeleton weight to appendicular skeleton of the lower limbs
-houses and protects spinal cord and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

-7 cervical vertebrae
-neck region
-C1 to C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

-12 thoracic vertebrae
-chest region
-ribs
-T1 to T 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

-5 lumbar vertebrae
-lower back
-L1 to L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sacral Vertebrae

A

-5 sacral vertebrae
-are fused together to form 1 bone
-forms the sacrum
-S1 to S5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Coccygeal Vertebrae

A

-4 coccygeal vertebrae
-fused into 1 bone
-forms coccyx
-Co1 to Co4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adult Spinal Curvatures

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Curves of the Spine

A

-appear in fetal development
-thoracic and sacral curvatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary Curves of the Spine

A

-appear at 3-4 months of age
-cervical and lumbar curvatures
-help to shift trunks weight over the legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of the Curvatures

A

-increases spine strength
-maintains balance in the upright position
-absorbs shock
-protect vertebrae from fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Immovable Vertebrae

A

Sacral and coccygeal because they are fused together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of cartilage make up intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Body/Centrum

A

-anterior region
-weight bearing structure of almost all vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vertebral Arch

A

-posterior to vertebral body
-aka neural arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

-circular opening between the body and vertebral arch
-collectively form the vertebral canal that houses the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intervertebral Foramina

A

-lateral opening between vertebrae where spinal nerves travel through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pedicles

A

-form the vertebral arch with the lamina
-originate from posteriolateral margins if the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Laminae

A

-form the vertebral arch with the pedicles
-extend posteriomedially from the posterior edge of each pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spinous Process

A

-projects posteriorly from the left and right laminae
-can be palpated through the skin on the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transverse Processes

A

-lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Articular Processes

A

-project from the junction between the pedicles and laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inferior/Superior Articular Processes

A

-articulate with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Articular Facet

A

-smooth surface
-angles contribute to different movements along the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Features of Cervical Vertebrae
-only a transverse foramen within the transverse process -vertebral artery passes through the transverse foramen -spinous processes are slender and bifid -small kidney bean body shape -no costal facets for ribs
26
Superior Articular Facets
Occipital condoles of the occipital bone to the antlo-occipital joint
27
Atlas/C1
-a bony ring with no body -articulates with the head -movement associated with nodding “YES”
28
Axis/C2
-has a peg-like process that articulates with C1 -permits movement of head shaking “NO”
29
Atlanto-axial Joint
Formed by Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2)
30
Which cervical vertebrae have most common features?
C3 to C7
31
Which cervical vertebrae has no spinous process?
C1
32
Dens
-produced by fusion of atlas and axis -secures C1 and C2 together -makes atlantoaxial joint
33
Thoracic Vertebrae Feautures
-larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae -easily identified by costal facets for ribs -heart shaped body -no transverse foramina -med size transverse process -long spinous process
34
Which bodies of thoracic vertebrae articulate with the head of the ribs?
All except for T11 and T12
35
Lumbar Vertebrae Feautures
-largest and strongest of the infused vertebrae -oval and block-like body shape -no costal facets for ribs -no transverse foramen -large transverse process -short spinous process
36
Sacrum
-made from the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae -this process can last from the age of 16 to 30 years
37
Transverse Ridges
Mark the sites of fusion in the sacrum
38
Median Sacral Crest
-dorsal ridge formed by the fusion of the spinous process of the individual sacral vertebrae
39
Anterior Sacral Foramina
-paired -permit the passage of nerves to pelvic organs
40
Sacral Promontory
-anterosuperior edge of S1 that bulges anteriorly into the pelvic cavity
41
Sacral Canal
-narrow part of the vertebral canal
42
Sacral Ala
-on lateral surface -“wing”
43
Sacral Hiatus
-Where sacral canal terminates into an inferior opening -where laminae of last sacral vertebrae failed to fuse
44
Sacral Cornu
-bony projections on each side of the hiatus
45
Coccyx
-triangular bone -forms from the fusion of 3-5 vertebral bones -lasts from 20-30 years of age
46
Sternocleidomastoid Function (Anterior group)
-flexes the cervical portion -flexes head at the atlanto-axial joint
47
Sternocleidomastoid Origin
manubrium of sternum and the clavicle
48
Sternocleidomastoid Insertion
Mastoid process of the temporal bone & nuchal line of occipital bone
49
Scalene Muscles Function (Anterior group)
elevate the ribs
50
Scalene Muscles Origin
transverse process of ribs 2-7
51
Scalene Muscles Insertion
first and second ribs
52
Bilateral Contraction of Sternocleidomastoid
contraction of both sternocleidomastoid muscles to flex the neck
53
Unilateral Contraction of Sternocleidomastoid
-contraction of just one sternocleidomastoid muscle -results in: lateral flexion of the neck & rotation of the head to the opposite side
54
Splenius Cervicis
extends, flexes, and rotates the neck
55
Splenius Capitis
-extend head -laterally flex & rotate head
56
Erector Spinae
-largest muscle of the back -forms a bulge on either side of the vertebral column -the extensor of the vertebral column
57
Longissimus Capitis
-unilateral action: turns head to same side -bilateral action: extends head/neck
58
Unilateral Action
only one muscle (L or R) is contracting
59
Bilateral Action
both L and R muscles are contracting together
60
Aortic Arch
Consists of: -brachiocephalic trunk -subclavian -common carotid
61
Arterial Blood Flow Path Through the Head & Neck
heart brachiocephalic trunk common carotid artery ext. carotid int. carotid head and neck region
62
Where does the external carotid artery lead to?
Ascends to superior thyroid, occipital, temporal, lingual, maxillary, and facial arteries
63
Circle of Willis (aka cerebral arterial circle)
-an anastomosis of arteries around the sella turcica (pituitary gland) -equalizes blood pressure in the brain -provides lateral channels should one vessel become blocked
64
Arteries that form the Circle of Willis
-posterior cerebral arteries -posterior communicating arteries -internal carotid arteries -anterior cerebral arteries -anterior communicating arteries
65
Arterial Blood Flow Path to the Brain
subclavian artery-vertebral artery-basilar arteries-ant. mid. & post. cerebral arteries-ant. & post. communicating arteries (circle of Willis)
66
Venous Blood Flow from Brain to Heart
ant. & post. communicating veins (circle of Willis)-ant. mid. & post. cerebral veins-basilar veins-vertebral vein-brachiocephalic vein-superior vena cava-heart
67
Venous Blood Flow through head & neck
head & neck region ext. jugular int. jugular subclavian vein brachiocephalic vein heart
68
Functions of the thoracic (rib) cage
-protects: heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thoracic organs -supports the upper limb -plays a role in breathing
69
Skeletal Part of the Thorax
-sternum -ribs -costal cartilages -thoracic vertebrae
70
of Bones in Thoracic Cage
-25 in thoracic cage -1 sternum -24 ribs
71
Costal Cartilage
-attaches sternum and ribs -flexible to accomodate
72
True Ribs
-1-7 -direct anterior attachment to the sternum
73
False Ribs
-8-12 (5 ribs) -indirect attachment to the sternum
74
Floating Ribs
-11-12 -no attachment to there sternum at all -also considered false ribs
75
Sternum
-flattened bone withe 3 parts: manubrium, body, xiphoid process
76
Which part of the sternum doesn't articulate with the costal cartilage?
Xiphoid process
77
Function of Thorax Muscles (breathing)
-alter the size of the thoracic cavity (inhale and exhale)
78
Diaphragm
-most important respiratory muscle
79
External and Internal Intercostal Muscles
-between the rib bones -help in the expansion and contraction of the lungs
80
Accessory Muscles
used in forced breathing
81
Muscles of Inspiration
diaphragm & external intercostal muscle
82
Muscles of Expiration
diaphragm & internal intercostal muscles
83
Nerves that form the L & R Cervical Plexuses
formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C4
84
Where does the cervical plexus innervate?
-anterior neck muscles -skin of the neck -parts of the head and shoulders
85
Phrenic Nerve
-originates from C4 and some contributing axons of C3 and C5 -innervates the diaphragm
86
Superior Roots of the Ansa Cervicalis
infrahyoid & geniohyoid muscles
87
Segmental Branch
-deep muscle of the neck -levator scapulae -scalene muscles
88
Thoracic Aorta
-begins at intervertebral disc between T4 and T5 -extends through aortic hiatus -sends of small arteries/visceral branches to viscera -parietal branches to bony wall structures
89
Brachiocephalic Veins
drain thoracic structures via the azygos system
90
3 Veins of the Azygos System
-azygos vein -hemiazygos vein -accessory hemiazygos veins
91
Where does the azygos system empty?
Into the superior vena cava

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions