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HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 23 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

pump

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2
Q

Blood

A

fluid pumped by heart

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3
Q

Blood Vessels

A

-arteries (oxygenated blood)
-veins (deoxygenated blood)
-tubular roadways

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4
Q

Role of Cardiovascular System

A

perform material exchange between blood and tissue cells

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5
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

extends to all body regions

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6
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

consists of vessels to and from the lungs

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7
Q

Arteries

A

-carry blood away from the heart to organs
-branch out and become smaller
-lead to capillaries

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8
Q

Veins

A

-return blood to the heart
-become progressively larger as they merge and approach the heart
-formed from merging of venules

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9
Q

Anastomosis

A

-convergence of 2 or more vessels
-veins anastomose more than arteries

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10
Q

Which arteries don’t anastomose?

A

end arteries

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11
Q

Companion Vessels

A

arteries and veins that lie next to each other

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

-at a cellular level
-are exchange vessels

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13
Q

Arteriole

A
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14
Q

Tunica Interna (Intima)

A

-endothelium
-subendothelial layer
-internal elastic lamina

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15
Q

Endothelium

A

-innermost lining
-made of simple squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Subendothelial Layer

A

-made of areolar connective tissue
-provides a physical support base for the epithelial layer
-collagen fibres provide tensile strength

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17
Q

Internal Elastic Lamina

A

-separates Tunica intima from tunica media

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18
Q

Tunica Media

A

-a smooth muscular and connective tissue layer (elastic fibers)
-thick layer

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19
Q

Smooth Muscle Cells

A

-adjust with diameter of the lumen wall to regulate blood flow and pressure

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20
Q

Vasodilation

A

-blood vessel widens
-muscles relax
-enhance blood flow to areas in need

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21
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

-blood vessel narrows
-muscles relax
-restrict blood flow to certain areas

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22
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

-innervates smooth muscles and blood vessels

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23
Q

External Elastic Lamina

A

-separates tunica media from tunica externa

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24
Q

Tunica Externa

A

-forms a covering and consists of elastic and collagen fibers
-numerous nerves
-anchors the vessels to surrounding tissues

25
Vasa Vasorum
-vessels to the vessels -tiny blood vessels that supply the tissue of the vessel wall -seen on large vessels (ie. aorta)
26
Arteries (compared to veins)
-narrower lumen -thicker -retains shape -tunica media is the thickest -more elastic and collagen fibers -no valves -higher BP -transports blood away from heart
27
Systemic Arteries
transport blood with high O2
28
Pulmonary Arteries
transport blood low in O2
29
Veins (compared to arteries)
-wider lumen -thinner walls -collapse if no blood in vein -tunica externa is thickest -less collagen and elastic fibers -has valves -lower BP -transports blood to heart
30
Systemic Veins
transport blood low in O2
31
Pulmonary Vein
transport blood high in O2
32
Elastic Arteries
-largest of the 3 -contain mostly elastic fibers -abundant tunica media -near heart -allow stretch -branch into muscular arteries
33
Examples of Elastic Arteries
-aorta -pulmonary trunk -brachiocephalic, carotid, subclavian, iliac arteries
34
Muscular Arteries
-medium sized -more smooth muscle than elastic fibres -subject to greater vasodilation/constriction -well defined internal elastic lamina but thin external elastic lamina -no recoil -have vascular tone
35
Vascular Tone
-partial contraction of smooth muscles that prevent collapse when empty
36
Examples of Muscular Arteries
-brachial -anterior tibial -coronary -inferior mesenteric
37
Arterioles (aka resistance vessels)
-smallest arteries -shape and size vary -generally have less than six cell layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media
38
Sympathetic Innervation
-to smooth muscles of tunica media causes vasoconstricition -elevates BP and decreases local blood flow
39
Capillaries
-smallest vessels -walls consists solely of tunica intima -exchange vessel of the body (gas and waste between blood and tissues)
40
WHAT CANT CAPILLARIES DO BECAUSE THEY LACK T EXTERNA AND MEDIA
41
Composition of Capillaries
-single layer of endothelial cells that allow for easy diffusion
42
Continuous Capillaries
-pleural membrane of endothelial cells form a continuous tube -interrupted only by intercellular clefts -located in muscles and the brain
43
Fenestrated Capillaries
-pleural membranes have fenestrations (openings) -located in small intestine and kidneys
44
Sinusoids
-wider and very winding -have large fenestrations -incomplete/absent basement membrane -have very large intercellular clefts that -located in bone marrow and liver
45
Intercellular Clefts
allow proteins, blood cells to pass from tissue into bloodstream
46
Veins
-same layers as arteries but with little smooth msucle and elastic fibers -t externa is the thickest -contains valves -lower pressure -function as blood reservoirs
47
What do veins lack?
-internal or external elastic laminae -don't adapt to variations in volume and pressure
48
Venules
-the smallest veins -companion vessels with arterioles
49
Postcapillary Venules
the smallest of the venules
50
Diapedesis
-leukocytes migrate from the bloodstream to interstitial fluid -occurs through walls of postcapillary venules
51
Which of the vessels is more deep?
veins are more superficial, arteries are deeper
52
Fetal Circulation
-allows developing fetus to exchange materials with its mother -fetus obtains O2 and nutrients and eliminates CO2 and waste with maternal blood
53
Placenta
where the exchange of materials occurs
54
Umbilical Cord
-attaches to placenta and baby -contains blood vessels that branch into capillaries in the placenta
55
Ductus Arteriosus
-... -becomes ligamentum arteriosum
56
Ductus Venosus
-... -becomes ligamentum venosum
57
Foramen Ovale
-... -becomes fossa ovalis
58
Umbilical Arteries
-... -become medial umbilical ligaments
59
Umbilical Vein
-... -becoes round ligament of the liver

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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