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HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 8 - Lower Limb & Foot > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Lower Limb & Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the lower limb?

A

60 (30 on each side)

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2
Q

Femur

A

-longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body

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3
Q

Head of the Femur

A

-articulates with the hip

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4
Q

Fovea Capitis

A

-part of the head that is an attachment site for ligaments

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5
Q

Greater and Lesser Trochanters

A

-attachment site for many muscles

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6
Q

Intertrochanteric Chest

A

-extends between greater and lesser trochanters
-boundary between neck and shaft

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7
Q

Gluteal Tuberosity (post. view)

A

-insertion point for some gluteal muscles

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8
Q

Medial and Lateral Condyles

A

-articulate with tibia and fibula

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9
Q

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles

A

-attachment sites for ligaments

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10
Q

Intercondylar Fossa

A

-houses stabilizing ligaments

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11
Q

Shaft

A

-attachment site for medial group of muscles

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12
Q

Patellar Surface

A

where patella attaches

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13
Q

Pecteal Line and Lineas Aspera

A

-on the posterior side

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14
Q

Popliteal Surface

A

-enclosed by medial and lateral supracondylar lines
-posterior surface

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15
Q

Patella

A

-a seismoid bone
-the knee cap
-forms the patellofemoral joint

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16
Q

Base of the Patella

A

Superior Portion

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17
Q

Apex of the Patella

A

-cone shaped inferior point

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18
Q

Articular Surface

A

-articulate with femur
-smooth portion on posterior side

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19
Q

Tibia

A

-shin bone
-weight bearing

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20
Q

Fibula

A

-skinnier bone
-doesn’t contribute to weight bearing

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21
Q

Which bone is the lateral bone?

A

fibuLA is LAteral

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22
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

-26 in total
-7 tarsal bones
-5 metatarsals
-14 phalanges

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23
Q

Talus

A

articulates with tibia and fibula

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24
Q

Calcaneus

A

-largest and strongest
-heel bone

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25
Other Tarsals
-navicular -cuboid -3 cuneiforms
26
Metatarsals
-I (hallux) through V (little toe) -have base, shaft, head
27
Hallux
big toe
28
Tarsus
ankle
29
Metatarso-phalangeal Joint
between metatarsal and proximal phalanx
30
Tarso-metatarsal Joint
Between tarsal bones (cuneiforms and cuboid) and the metatarsals
31
Intertarsal joints
between the tarsals bones
32
What articulates with the talus?
medial and lateral malleolus
33
Function of Foot Arches
-support the weight of the body -spring and leverage when walking
34
When are the arches flexed?
when body weight is applied
35
Flatfoot
-arches decrease or fall
36
Clawfoot
-too much arch occurs due to various pathologies
37
Medial Longitudinal Arch
extends from the heel to the great toe
38
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
-not as high as the medial longitudinal arch -extends between the heel to the little toe
39
Transverse Arch
-runs perpendicular to the longitudinal arch -between navicular and cuneiform bones
40
Thigh Muscles that move knee joint/leg
-mainly originate from the pelvic girdle and femur -3 groups
41
Anterior Extensor Muscles (group I)
-quadriceps femoris group -all four extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at the hip rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius
42
Common insertion point for the group I thigh extensors
Tibial Tuberosity
43
1. Rectus Femoris (group I extensor)
-superficial muscle O: anterior inferior illiac spine I: tibial tuberosity
44
2. Vastus Lateralis (group I extensor)
O: greater trochanter and line aspera of femur I: Tibial Tuberosity
45
3. Vastus Medialis (group I extensor)
O:linea aspera of femur I: tibial tuberosity
46
4. Vastus Intermedius (group I extensor)
O:Anterior and lateral surface of the body of the femur I: Tibial tuberosity
47
Posterior Flexor Muscles (group II)
-hamstrings femoris group biceps femoris semimembraneous semitendinosus
48
Common Origin of group II posterior flexors
Ischial tuberosity (sitting bone)
49
Common movement of the posterior group
flexes the leg at the knee joint and extend the thigh at the hip
50
Medial Femoris Muscles (group III)
gracilis
51
Gracilis (group III)
-adducts thigh at the hip joint -rotates the thigh medially -flexes the leg at the knee joint O: the body and inferior ramus of the pubis I: medial surface of the body of the tibia
52
Leg Muscles - Anterior Compartment
-extensor hallicus longus -tibialis anterior -extensor digitorium longus
53
Leg Muscles - Lateral Compartment
peroneus longus and brevis
54
Leg Muscles - Posterior Compartment (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)
-gastrocnemius -soleus -plantaris
55
Leg Muscles - Posterior Compartment (DEEP LAYER)
-flexor digitorium -flexor hallicus longus -tibialis posterior -popliteus
56
1. Extensor Hallicus Longus (anterior compartment)
-extends great toe -dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint
57
2. Tibialis Anterior (anterior compartment)
-dorsiflexes and inverts foot
58
3. Extensor Digitorium Longus (anterior compartment)
-extends toes 2-5 -dorsiflexes foot at the ankle joint
59
Common action of the anterior compartment
-extend great toe -dorsiflex foot at the ankle joint
60
1. Fibularis Longus and Brevis (lateral compartment)
-evert foot -weaker in plantar flexing
61
1. Gastrocnemius (Posterior Compartment: Superficial Layer)
-flexes leg at the knee -plantar flexes foot at the ankle
62
2. Soleus (Posterior Compartment: Superficial Layer)
-plantar flexes foot at the ankle
63
3. Plantaris (Posterior Compartment: Superficial Layer)
-weak leg flexor plantaris flexes foot at the ankle joint
64
Common action of superficial layer (post.)
flexes leg at the knee and plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint
65
1. Flexor Digitorium Longus (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
-plantar flex foot at the ankle
66
2. Flexor Hallicus Longus (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
-plantar flex foot at the ankle
67
3. Tibialis Posterior (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
-plantar flexes and inverts foot
68
4. Popliteus (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
-flexes leg -medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee
69
INTRINSIC FOOT MUSCLES???
70
Sacral Plexus
-made from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S4 -largely anterior to the sacrum
71
What does sacral plexus supply?
nerves to the buttocks, perineum, lower limbs
72
Sciatic Nerve
-arises from sacral plexus -longest nerve -composed of tibial and common fibular divisions wrapped in a common sheath
73
Coccygeal Plexus
-small -formed by coccygeal nerves
74
Sacral Plexus Innervations
-lower back -pelvis -perineum -posterior surface of the thigh and leg -dorsum and plantar of the foot
75
Common Fib. Nerve Innervations
-anterior, lateral leg, dorsum of the foot
76
Superior Gluteal Nerve
-gluteus medius and minimus -tensor fasciae latae
77
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
gluteus maximus
78
Nerve to Prirformis
sex organs
79
Pudendal (S2-S4)
-genitals -skin of the scrotum -clitoris -labia vagina
80
look at textbook for nerve innervations
81
Blood Flow to the Lower Limbs (Arteries)
-abdominal aorta -external illiac artery -femoral artery -popliteal artery -anterior tibial artery-> fibular peroneal artery-> dorsalis pedis-> digital arteries -posterior tibial artery-> plantar arch (medial and lateral)

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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