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HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 8 - Lower Limb & Foot > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Lower Limb & Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the lower limb?

A

60 (30 on each side)

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2
Q

Femur

A

-longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body

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3
Q

Head of the Femur

A

-articulates with the hip

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4
Q

Fovea Capitis

A

-part of the head that is an attachment site for ligaments

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5
Q

Greater and Lesser Trochanters

A

-attachment site for many muscles

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6
Q

Intertrochanteric Chest

A

-extends between greater and lesser trochanters
-boundary between neck and shaft

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7
Q

Gluteal Tuberosity (post. view)

A

-insertion point for some gluteal muscles

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8
Q

Medial and Lateral Condyles

A

-articulate with tibia and fibula

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9
Q

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles

A

-attachment sites for ligaments

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10
Q

Intercondylar Fossa

A

-houses stabilizing ligaments

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11
Q

Shaft

A

-attachment site for medial group of muscles

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12
Q

Patellar Surface

A

where patella attaches

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13
Q

Pecteal Line and Lineas Aspera

A

-on the posterior side

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14
Q

Popliteal Surface

A

-enclosed by medial and lateral supracondylar lines
-posterior surface

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15
Q

Patella

A

-a seismoid bone
-the knee cap
-forms the patellofemoral joint

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16
Q

Base of the Patella

A

Superior Portion

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17
Q

Apex of the Patella

A

-cone shaped inferior point

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18
Q

Articular Surface

A

-articulate with femur
-smooth portion on posterior side

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19
Q

Tibia

A

-shin bone
-weight bearing

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20
Q

Fibula

A

-skinnier bone
-doesn’t contribute to weight bearing

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21
Q

Which bone is the lateral bone?

A

fibuLA is LAteral

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22
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

-26 in total
-7 tarsal bones
-5 metatarsals
-14 phalanges

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23
Q

Talus

A

articulates with tibia and fibula

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24
Q

Calcaneus

A

-largest and strongest
-heel bone

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25
Q

Other Tarsals

A

-navicular
-cuboid
-3 cuneiforms

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26
Q

Metatarsals

A

-I (hallux) through V (little toe)
-have base, shaft, head

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27
Q

Hallux

A

big toe

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28
Q

Tarsus

A

ankle

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29
Q

Metatarso-phalangeal Joint

A

between metatarsal and proximal phalanx

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30
Q

Tarso-metatarsal Joint

A

Between tarsal bones (cuneiforms and cuboid) and the metatarsals

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31
Q

Intertarsal joints

A

between the tarsals bones

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32
Q

What articulates with the talus?

A

medial and lateral malleolus

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33
Q

Function of Foot Arches

A

-support the weight of the body
-spring and leverage when walking

34
Q

When are the arches flexed?

A

when body weight is applied

35
Q

Flatfoot

A

-arches decrease or fall

36
Q

Clawfoot

A

-too much arch occurs due to various pathologies

37
Q

Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

extends from the heel to the great toe

38
Q

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

A

-not as high as the medial longitudinal arch
-extends between the heel to the little toe

39
Q

Transverse Arch

A

-runs perpendicular to the longitudinal arch
-between navicular and cuneiform bones

40
Q

Thigh Muscles that move knee joint/leg

A

-mainly originate from the pelvic girdle and femur
-3 groups

41
Q

Anterior Extensor Muscles (group I)

A

-quadriceps femoris group
-all four extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at the hip
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

42
Q

Common insertion point for the group I thigh extensors

A

Tibial Tuberosity

43
Q
  1. Rectus Femoris (group I extensor)
A

-superficial muscle
O: anterior inferior illiac spine
I: tibial tuberosity

44
Q
  1. Vastus Lateralis (group I extensor)
A

O: greater trochanter and line aspera of femur
I: Tibial Tuberosity

45
Q
  1. Vastus Medialis (group I extensor)
A

O:linea aspera of femur
I: tibial tuberosity

46
Q
  1. Vastus Intermedius (group I extensor)
A

O:Anterior and lateral surface of the body of the femur
I: Tibial tuberosity

47
Q

Posterior Flexor Muscles (group II)

A

-hamstrings femoris group
biceps femoris
semimembraneous
semitendinosus

48
Q

Common Origin of group II posterior flexors

A

Ischial tuberosity (sitting bone)

49
Q

Common movement of the posterior group

A

flexes the leg at the knee joint and extend the thigh at the hip

50
Q

Medial Femoris Muscles (group III)

51
Q

Gracilis (group III)

A

-adducts thigh at the hip joint
-rotates the thigh medially
-flexes the leg at the knee joint
O: the body and inferior ramus of the pubis
I: medial surface of the body of the tibia

52
Q

Leg Muscles - Anterior Compartment

A

-extensor hallicus longus
-tibialis anterior
-extensor digitorium longus

53
Q

Leg Muscles - Lateral Compartment

A

peroneus longus and brevis

54
Q

Leg Muscles - Posterior Compartment (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

A

-gastrocnemius
-soleus
-plantaris

55
Q

Leg Muscles - Posterior Compartment (DEEP LAYER)

A

-flexor digitorium
-flexor hallicus longus
-tibialis posterior
-popliteus

56
Q
  1. Extensor Hallicus Longus (anterior compartment)
A

-extends great toe
-dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint

57
Q
  1. Tibialis Anterior (anterior compartment)
A

-dorsiflexes and inverts foot

58
Q
  1. Extensor Digitorium Longus (anterior compartment)
A

-extends toes 2-5
-dorsiflexes foot at the ankle joint

59
Q

Common action of the anterior compartment

A

-extend great toe
-dorsiflex foot at the ankle joint

60
Q
  1. Fibularis Longus and Brevis (lateral compartment)
A

-evert foot
-weaker in plantar flexing

61
Q
  1. Gastrocnemius (Posterior Compartment: Superficial Layer)
A

-flexes leg at the knee
-plantar flexes foot at the ankle

62
Q
  1. Soleus (Posterior Compartment: Superficial Layer)
A

-plantar flexes foot at the ankle

63
Q
  1. Plantaris (Posterior Compartment: Superficial Layer)
A

-weak leg flexor plantaris flexes foot at the ankle joint

64
Q

Common action of superficial layer (post.)

A

flexes leg at the knee and plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint

65
Q
  1. Flexor Digitorium Longus (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
A

-plantar flex foot at the ankle

66
Q
  1. Flexor Hallicus Longus (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
A

-plantar flex foot at the ankle

67
Q
  1. Tibialis Posterior (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
A

-plantar flexes and inverts foot

68
Q
  1. Popliteus (Posterior Compartment: Deep Layer)
A

-flexes leg
-medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee

69
Q

INTRINSIC FOOT MUSCLES???

70
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

-made from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S4
-largely anterior to the sacrum

71
Q

What does sacral plexus supply?

A

nerves to the buttocks, perineum, lower limbs

72
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

-arises from sacral plexus
-longest nerve
-composed of tibial and common fibular divisions wrapped in a common sheath

73
Q

Coccygeal Plexus

A

-small
-formed by coccygeal nerves

74
Q

Sacral Plexus Innervations

A

-lower back
-pelvis
-perineum
-posterior surface of the thigh and leg
-dorsum and plantar of the foot

75
Q

Common Fib. Nerve Innervations

A

-anterior, lateral leg, dorsum of the foot

76
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve

A

-gluteus medius and minimus
-tensor fasciae latae

77
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

A

gluteus maximus

78
Q

Nerve to Prirformis

A

sex organs

79
Q

Pudendal (S2-S4)

A

-genitals
-skin of the scrotum
-clitoris
-labia
vagina

80
Q

look at textbook for nerve innervations

81
Q

Blood Flow to the Lower Limbs (Arteries)

A

-abdominal aorta
-external illiac artery
-femoral artery
-popliteal artery
-anterior tibial artery-> fibular peroneal artery-> dorsalis pedis-> digital arteries
-posterior tibial artery-> plantar arch (medial and lateral)

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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