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HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 26 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive System

A

-ingests, mixes, transports, and breaks down food mechanically and chemically
-absorbs digested nutrients and expels waste

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract/Digestive Tract Parts

A

Main role in digestion and absorption
-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-anus

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3
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Help carry out digestion and reabsorption
-teeth
-tongue
-salivary glands
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

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4
Q

Ingestion

A

eating; food and liquid

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5
Q

Motility (peristalsis and mixing)

A

the capability to smooth muscle to mix and move the food contents

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6
Q

Secretion

A

acids, bile, mucus, digestive enzymes (7L/day)

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7
Q

Digestion

A

mechanical and chemical (CHO, lipids & proteins)

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8
Q

Absorption

A

nutrients, ions and fluids

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9
Q

Elimination of wastes/defecation

A

Removal of metabolic wastes

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10
Q

Peristalsis

A

involuntary contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the digestive tract

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11
Q

Lumen

A

hollow passageway in gi tracts

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12
Q

Initial sit of mechanical and chemical digestion?

A

oral cavity

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13
Q

Oral Cavity

A

lips, cheeks, hard and soft palates, tongue

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14
Q

Covering of Oral Cavity

A

-externally: skin
-internally: mucous membrane

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15
Q

Vestibule

A

space between the cheeks (lips) and the gums

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16
Q

Oral Cavity Proper

A

lies in the centre between the mandible and maxillae

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17
Q

Tongue

A

-accessory organ
-skeletal muscle

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18
Q

Tongue Functions

A

-manipulation of the food
-mixing with saliva
-converting food into bolus
-assisting in swallowing

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19
Q

Bolus

A

-semi-liquid ball of food

20
Q

Salivary Glands

A

produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity

21
Q

Function of Saliva

A

-moistens ingested material into bolus
-moistens, cleanses, and lubricates oral cavity
-begins chemical digestion of carbs with AMYLASE
-antibacterial action with lysozyme
-dissolves food so taste receptors can be stimulated
-3 types:

22
Q

Parotid Glands

A

-middle amount
-25-30% of saliva
-parotid duct

23
Q

Submandibular Glands

A

-most saliva
-60-70%
-submandibular ducts

24
Q

Sublingual Glands

A

-least amount
-3-5%
-lesser sublingual ducts

25
Q

Innervation of Salivary Glands

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

26
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

carbohydrates digesting enzyme in the oral cavity/mouth

27
Q

Lingual Lipase

A

lipid/fat digesting enzyme secreted by lingual glands

28
Q

Dentin

A

-70% of hydroxyapatite
-lies deep to enamel

29
Q

Enamel

A

-outer/visible par of tooth
-made of calcium phosphate crystals

30
Q

Gomphoses

A

-fixed/immovable joints

31
Q

Peritoneum

A

folds each other and to other organs of the digestive system

32
Q

Mesenteries

A

folds of the peritoneum that support and stabilize intraperitoneal GI tract organs

33
Q

What lies between the folds?

A

-blood and lymphatic vessels
-nerves
all supply the digestive organs

34
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

outer layer

35
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

inner layer surrounding organs

36
Q

Greater Omentum (mesenteries)

A

-longest peritoneal fold
extends from stomach to cover most abdominal organs
-beer belly

37
Q

Lesser Omentum (mesenteries)

A

-connects the stomach and duodenum from the liver

38
Q

Mesentary Proper (mesenteries)

A

suspends most of small intestine from posterior abdominal wall

39
Q

Mesocolon (mesenteries)

A

attaches part of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

40
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A

-ascending and descending colon
-duodenum
-pancreas

41
Q

Peritoneal Ligaments

A

folds of the peritoneum that connect structures

42
Q

Coronary Ligament

A

liver to diaphragm

43
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

liver to abdominal wall

44
Q

Lienorenal Ligament

A

spleen to kidney

45
Q
A

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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