Chapter 24 - Lymphatic System

Question 1

Pathogens

Answer 1

disease producing microbe

Question 2

Immunity

Answer 2

Ward off the disease or damage

Question 3

Susceptibility

Answer 3

lack of resistance

Question 4

Innate Immunity

Answer 4

born with

Question 5

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 5

specific recognition of a microbe

Question 6

Functions of the Lymphatic System

Answer 6

-transports fluid and helps fight infection
-transport dietary lipids
-aid in the production and maturation of lymphocytes
-generates an immune response against antigens

Question 7

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 7

that leaks out of blood capillaries enters lymph vessels

Question 8

Lymph

Answer 8

fluid that enters vessels

Question 9

Lymph Vessels

Answer 9

return the fluid to venous circulation

Question 10

Edema

Answer 10

-accumulation of lymph that causes swelling

Question 11

Lacteals

Answer 11

specialized lymphatic capillaries that absorb lipids in the intestine

Question 12

Lymphocytes and Macrophages

Answer 12

-monitor body for foreign substances
-some produce antibodies that bind to pathogens
-some cells attach to antigen directly
-other cells create a memory of the antigen

Question 13

Avascular Tissues

Answer 13

lack lymphatic capillaries

Question 14

Chyle

Answer 14

lymph in lacteals

Question 15

Valves

Answer 15

ensure lymph always moves towards the heart

Question 16

Pathway of Lymph

Answer 16

from lymphatic capillaries into lymphatic vessels and then through lymph nodes

Question 17

Lymph Trunks

Answer 17

uniting of lymphatic vessels

Question 18

Final destination of lymph

Answer 18

jugular and subclavian vein in heart?

Question 19

Jugular Trunks

Answer 19

head and neck

Question 20

Subclavian Trunks

Answer 20

upper limbs, breasts, superficial throacic wall

Question 21

Bronchomediastinal Trunks

Answer 21

deep thoracic structures

Question 22

Intestinal Trunk

Answer 22

most abdonmial structures

Question 23

Lumbar Trunks

Answer 23

lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall and pelvic organs

Question 24

Lymphatic Ducts

Answer 24

form from the fusion of lymphatic trunks

Question 25

Right Lymphatic Duct

Answer 25

deep to the clavicle and returns at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 26

Thoracic Duct

Answer 26

-the largest lymphatic vessel -collects lymph from most of the body -passes through diaphragms aortic opening and returns lymph to the junction between the left subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 27

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 27

rounded saclike structure where the thoracic duct begins

Question 28

Where does thoracic duct not collect from?

Answer 28

right lymphatic duct drainage

Question 29

Where do right side trunks drain in venous system?

Answer 29

-right jugular, right subclavian, right bronchiomediastinal -then into internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 30

Left Side Trunks

Answer 30

-all 5 trunks

Question 31

Lymphoid Cells

Answer 31

several types in the lymphatic and circulatory system

Question 32

macrophages

Answer 32

-monocytes that have left blood -engulf foreign substances -may present antigens to other cells -phagocytosis

Question 33

Special Epithelial (nurse) cells

Answer 33

secretory cells in the thymus (thymic hormones)

Question 34

dendritic cells

Answer 34

internalize antigens and present them to lymphocytes

Question 35

Lymphocytes

Answer 35

-most abundant lymphoid cells -3 types that search for harmful antigens

Question 36

T-lymphocytes (T-cells)

Answer 36

virally infected cells and cancer cells

Question 37

B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

Answer 37

produce antibodies against bacteria

Question 38

Natural Killer (NK cells)

Answer 38

cancer cells

Question 39

Primary Lymphatic Organs

Answer 39

bone marrow and thymus

Question 40

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

Answer 40

lymph nodes, spleen

Question 41

Thymus

Answer 41

-located in mediastinum between sternum and aorta -site of T-lymphocyte differentiation and maturation

Question 42

Cortex

Answer 42

-immature t cells migrate from red bone marrow to the cortex of the thymus where they begin to mature -houses immature t-lymphocytes, nurse cells, macrophages

Question 43

Medulla

Answer 43

contains mature t-lymphocytes and epithelial cells

Question 44

In adulthood...

Answer 44

t lymphocytes can only be produced by cell division and not by maturation of new cells in the thymus

Question 45

Thymus Mass

Answer 45

gets smaller by ~10x as you age

Question 46

Capsule

Question 47

Trabeculae

Question 48

Lobules

Question 49

Lymph Nodes

Answer 49

-bean shaped parts alone lymphatic vessels

Question 50

Trabeculae

Answer 50

-capsular extensions that divide the node into compartments

Question 51

Stroma

Question 52

Parenchyma

Question 53

Paracortex

Question 54

Medulla

Question 55

Spleen

Answer 55

-located in left upper quadrant of the abdomen -below diaphragm -beside ribs 9-11 -largest lymphoid organ in the body

Question 56

Hilum

Answer 56

where splenic artery and vein enter

Question 57

Capsule

Answer 57

surrounds spleen and sends trabeculae extensions into the organ

Question 58

Trabecular Vessels

Answer 58

-branches of splenic arteries and veins -extend within trabeculae

Question 59

Red Pulp

Answer 59

-Surrounds each cluster of white pulp -blood filled venous sinuses

Question 60

White Pulp

Answer 60

-most lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around central arteries

Question 61

Immune Response

Answer 61

B and T cells

Question 62

Splenic (Billroth's) Cord

Answer 62

-rbc, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes

Question 63

Functions within Red Pulp of spleen

Answer 63

1. remove defective blood cells and platelets via macrophages 2. store 1/3 of bodys supply of platelets 3. produce blood cells during fetal life

Question 64

Functions of the Spleen

Answer 64

-initiate immune response -reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets -phagocytize old RBCs and platelets -phagocytize bacteria and other foreign material