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HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 24 - Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 24 - Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens

A

disease producing microbe

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2
Q

Immunity

A

Ward off the disease or damage

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3
Q

Susceptibility

A

lack of resistance

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4
Q

Innate Immunity

A

born with

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5
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

specific recognition of a microbe

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6
Q

Functions of the Lymphatic System

A

-transports fluid and helps fight infection
-transport dietary lipids
-aid in the production and maturation of lymphocytes
-generates an immune response against antigens

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7
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

that leaks out of blood capillaries enters lymph vessels

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8
Q

Lymph

A

fluid that enters vessels

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9
Q

Lymph Vessels

A

return the fluid to venous circulation

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10
Q

Edema

A

-accumulation of lymph that causes swelling

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11
Q

Lacteals

A

specialized lymphatic capillaries that absorb lipids in the intestine

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12
Q

Lymphocytes and Macrophages

A

-monitor body for foreign substances
-some produce antibodies that bind to pathogens
-some cells attach to antigen directly
-other cells create a memory of the antigen

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13
Q

Avascular Tissues

A

lack lymphatic capillaries

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14
Q

Chyle

A

lymph in lacteals

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15
Q

Valves

A

ensure lymph always moves towards the heart

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16
Q

Pathway of Lymph

A

from lymphatic capillaries into lymphatic vessels and then through lymph nodes

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17
Q

Lymph Trunks

A

uniting of lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

Final destination of lymph

A

jugular and subclavian vein in heart?

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19
Q

Jugular Trunks

A

head and neck

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20
Q

Subclavian Trunks

A

upper limbs, breasts, superficial throacic wall

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21
Q

Bronchomediastinal Trunks

A

deep thoracic structures

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22
Q

Intestinal Trunk

A

most abdonmial structures

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23
Q

Lumbar Trunks

A

lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall and pelvic organs

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24
Q

Lymphatic Ducts

A

form from the fusion of lymphatic trunks

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25
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A

deep to the clavicle and returns at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins

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26
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

-the largest lymphatic vessel
-collects lymph from most of the body
-passes through diaphragms aortic opening and returns lymph to the junction between the left subclavian and internal jugular veins

27
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A

rounded saclike structure where the thoracic duct begins

28
Q

Where does thoracic duct not collect from?

A

right lymphatic duct drainage

29
Q

Where do right side trunks drain in venous system?

A

-right jugular, right subclavian, right bronchiomediastinal
-then into internal jugular and subclavian veins

30
Q

Left Side Trunks

A

-all 5 trunks

31
Q

Lymphoid Cells

A

several types in the lymphatic and circulatory system

32
Q

macrophages

A

-monocytes that have left blood
-engulf foreign substances
-may present antigens to other cells
-phagocytosis

33
Q

Special Epithelial (nurse) cells

A

secretory cells in the thymus (thymic hormones)

34
Q

dendritic cells

A

internalize antigens and present them to lymphocytes

35
Q

Lymphocytes

A

-most abundant lymphoid cells
-3 types that search for harmful antigens

36
Q

T-lymphocytes (T-cells)

A

virally infected cells and cancer cells

37
Q

B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

A

produce antibodies against bacteria

38
Q

Natural Killer (NK cells)

A

cancer cells

39
Q

Primary Lymphatic Organs

A

bone marrow and thymus

40
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen

41
Q

Thymus

A

-located in mediastinum between sternum and aorta
-site of T-lymphocyte differentiation and maturation

42
Q

Cortex

A

-immature t cells migrate from red bone marrow to the cortex of the thymus where they begin to mature
-houses immature t-lymphocytes, nurse cells, macrophages

43
Q

Medulla

A

contains mature t-lymphocytes and epithelial cells

44
Q

In adulthood…

A

t lymphocytes can only be produced by cell division and not by maturation of new cells in the thymus

45
Q

Thymus Mass

A

gets smaller by ~10x as you age

46
Q

Capsule

A
47
Q

Trabeculae

A
48
Q

Lobules

A
49
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

-bean shaped parts alone lymphatic vessels

50
Q

Trabeculae

A

-capsular extensions that divide the node into compartments

51
Q

Stroma

A
52
Q

Parenchyma

A
53
Q

Paracortex

A
54
Q

Medulla

A
55
Q

Spleen

A

-located in left upper quadrant of the abdomen
-below diaphragm
-beside ribs 9-11
-largest lymphoid organ in the body

56
Q

Hilum

A

where splenic artery and vein enter

57
Q

Capsule

A

surrounds spleen and sends trabeculae extensions into the organ

58
Q

Trabecular Vessels

A

-branches of splenic arteries and veins
-extend within trabeculae

59
Q

Red Pulp

A

-Surrounds each cluster of white pulp
-blood filled venous sinuses

60
Q

White Pulp

A

-most lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around central arteries

61
Q

Immune Response

A

B and T cells

62
Q

Splenic (Billroth’s) Cord

A

-rbc, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes

63
Q

Functions within Red Pulp of spleen

A
  1. remove defective blood cells and platelets via macrophages
  2. store 1/3 of bodys supply of platelets
  3. produce blood cells during fetal life
64
Q

Functions of the Spleen

A

-initiate immune response
-reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets
-phagocytize old RBCs and platelets
-phagocytize bacteria and other foreign material

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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