Chapter 8. Part 2 Flashcards
In an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent; a 2n cell.
Diploid Cell
The arrest of cell division that occurs when cells grown in a laboratory dish touch one another.
Density-Dependent-Inhibition
Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome; can result from an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis.
Duplication
The union of the nucleus of a sperm cell with the nucleus of an egg cell, producing a zygote.
Fertilization
The production, by crossing over and/or independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, of offspring with allele combinations different from those in the parents. The term may also be used more specifically to mean the production by crossing over of eukaryotic or prokaryotic chromosomes with gene combinations different from those in the original chromosomes.
Genetic Recombination
The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell. Homologous chromosomes are of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern and possess genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
Homologous Chromosome
The period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell is not actually dividing. Interphase constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle. See also mitotic phase.
Interphase
A change in a chromosome resulting from reattachment of a chromosome fragment to the original chromosome, but in a reverse direction. Mutagens and errors during meiosis can cause inversions.
Inversion
A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position.
Karyotype
A type of cancer of the blood-forming tissues, characterized by an excessive production of white blood cells and an abnormally high number of them in the blood; cancer of the bone marrow cells that produce leukocytes.
Leukemia
The particular site where a gene is found on a chromosome. Homologous chromosomes have corresponding gene loci.
Locus
The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.
Metastasis
The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. Mitosis and cytokinesis make up the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle.
Mitosis
The part of the cell cycle when the nucleus is divided (via mitosis), its chromosomes are distributed to the daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divided (via cytokinesis), producing two daughter cells.
Mitotic
A football-shaped structure formed of microtubules and associated
proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Mitotic Spindle