Chapter 8 Part. 1 Flashcards
The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to a solid surface.
Anchorage dependence
The fourth stage of mitosis, beginning when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell.
Anaphase
The creation of offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg.
Asexual Reproduction
A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism; in mammals, for example, any chromosome other than X or Y.
Autosome
An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body
Benign Tumor
A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two individuals of about equal size.
Binary Fission
Cancer that originates in the coverings of the body, such as skin or the lining of the intestinal tract.
Carcinoma
An ordered sequence of events (including interphase and the mitotic phase) that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells.
Cell Cycle
A cyclically operating set of proteins that triggers and
coordinates events in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Cell cycle control system
The reproduction of a cell.
Cell Division
A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.
Cell Plate
The region of a duplicated chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. The centromere divides at the onset of anaphase during mitosis and anaphase II during meiosis.
Centromere
Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to microtubules; important in mitosis and meiosis; also called microtubule-organizing center.
Centrosome
The microscopically visible site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
Chiasma
The complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes when a cell is not dividing.
Chromatin